Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What is the first line treatment for staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)?
Flucloxacillin
What are the different types of virus present in the herpes virus family?
EBV
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Kaposi sarcoma virus
What initial investigations should you do if you suspect infective endocarditis?
Blood cultures - three sets
Chest x-ray
Trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE)
What is the screening test for Hep C?
Hepatitis C antibody
If result is positive then hepatitis C PCR is done
What is a Beta D glucan test?
BDG is a test used in diagnosis of invasive fungal infections
BDG is a component of the cell wall of most fungi
What is the best choice of antibiotic for empirical treatment of septic arthritis and why?
IV flucloxacillin
Septic arthritis is most commonly caused by gram positive cocci, especially staphylococcus aureus. As the infection is in a deep site, IV flucloxacillin is the first line choice
What tests would you request for a suspected pneumonia?
Blood culture Sputum culture Urine antigen for pneumococcus and legionella Serum beta D-glucan HIV antibody test PCR for pneumocystis jirovecii, TB Blood and sputum for CMV PCR Mycoplasma test
What are the common organisms responsible for infective diarrhoea?
Campylobacter Salmonella E.coli Shigella C.Diff Noravirus Rotavirus
In which clinical indicator diseases would you want to test for HIV?
Bacterial pneumonia Cryptococcal meningitis Oral candidiasis Weight loss of unknown cause Hep B/C infection Lymphadenopathy of unknown cause Any STI
What is the risk of a mother transmitting HIV to her baby?
15-45% risk when no measures are taken
Risk is lowered when mother is on antiviral medication
If mothers viral load is low then risk to baby will be low
How can you reduce HIV transmission to a baby after birth?
Zidovudine - given to help reduce risk
Avoid breastfeeding
If you have HBsAg present, then what does this mean?
You have active Hep B infection
What is the difference between having anti-HBc and antiHBs?
Anti-HBc - means you have previously been exposed to Hep B
Anti-HBs - means that you have immunity to hep B due to vaccination
What is the difference between IgG anti-HBc and IgM anti-Hbc?
IgG - antibody due to past or chronic infection
IgM - antibody due to current infection
