8.1

Question 1

Griffith

Answer 1

Researched Pneumonia; found that when non-virulent Rough Strain was injected along with dead Smooth Strain, the Rough Strain would turn into Smooth Strain.

Question 2

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Answer 2

Injected mice in a similar manner to Griffith; the dead Smooth-Strain had either DNA, RNA, or protein destroyed with enzymes. If the transformation was disrupted (the mice didn’t die), then that would mean that that molecule was the “transforming factor”. It found that DNA was the transforming factor.

Question 3

Hershey and Chase

Answer 3

In a simple bacteria-infecting virus that consisted only of a protein shell surrounding nucleotides, either DNA or proteins would be labeled via radioactivity; if the new viruses had radioactive molecules then that was the molecule used to pass down genetic material.

Question 4

Phosphate

Answer 4

Phosphate group; forms DNA’s “backbone”; are connected to each other with covalent bonds.

Question 5

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer 5

A type of sugar; a monosaccharide

Question 6

Nitrogenous base

Answer 6

The only part of the nucleotide that changes between each one (A, T, C, G)