8.1 Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

Prescription drugs

Answer 1

written prescription by an accredited authorized prescriber provider.
legal document
chapter 21 of MANMED

Question 2

Non prescription drugs

Answer 2

Over the Counter (OTC)
aspirin, antacids, cold remedies
purchased anywhere without physician

Question 3

DOD Prescription

Answer 3

DD 1289

Question 4

Poly Scription

Answer 4

NAVMED 6710/6

Question 5

When is the DD 1289 used?

Answer 5

on controlled drugs

Question 6

General principles of pharmacology

Answer 6

factors that affect actions of drugs
factors that affect drug reactions
various types of drug interactions
factors influencing drug response

Question 7

Pharmacokinetic

Answer 7

activities of the drug after it enters the body

drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

Question 8

Drug clearance

Answer 8

elimination of drugs from the body

Question 9

absorption

Answer 9

the transfer of the drug from the body fluids to tissues

Question 10

active absorption

Answer 10

carrier molecule such as protein or enzyme actively moves the drug across the membrane

Question 11

Passive absorption

Answer 11

diffuse across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
water soluble drugs

Question 12

Pinocytosis

Answer 12

cells engulf the drug particle across the cell membrane

Question 13

bioavailability

Answer 13

a subcategory of absorption

percentage of administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation

Question 14

distribution

Answer 14

movement of drug throughout the body, typically on proteins

Question 15

therapeutic effect

Answer 15

drug levels in blood to produce desire effect

Question 16

metabolism

Answer 16

chemical reaction liver converts drug to inactive compound

Question 17

metabolism occurs where?

Answer 17

liver, kidneys, lungs plasma and intestinal mucosa

Question 18

a patient with liver disease may require

Answer 18

a lower dose of a medication that is metabolized by the liver

Question 19

excretion

Answer 19

elimination of drugs from the body

Question 20

half life

Answer 20

time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug

Question 21

pharmacodynamics

Answer 21

drugs actions and effects within the body

Question 22

physical dependence

Answer 22

a compulsive need to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms

Question 23

psychological dependence

Answer 23

a compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience

Question 24

pharmacogenetic disorder

Answer 24

genetically abnormal response to normal dose of drug

Question 25

receptor

Answer 25

specialized macromolecule that binds to drug molecule, altering the function of the cell producing a therapeutic response

Question 26

alterations in cellular environment

Answer 26

drug that alters cellular function can increase or decrease the physiologic functions of the cells

Question 27

agonist

Answer 27

drug that binds with a receptor to produce therapeutic response

Question 28

antagonist

Answer 28

drug that binds to receptor stronger than the agonist thus producing no pharmacologic effect NARCAN IS THE ANTAGONIST TO MORPHINE

Question 29

adverse reaction

Answer 29

undesirable drug effects

Question 30

drug idiosyncrasy

Answer 30

unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug | that usually doesnt happen to the vast majority of patients

Question 31

drug tolerance

Answer 31

decreased response to the drug requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired affect

Question 32

cumulative drug effect

Answer 32

drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of drug before next dose is given

Question 33

toxic

Answer 33

harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose, exceeds therapeutic level (seen in patients with liver or kidney disease )

Question 34

pharmacogenetics reactions

Answer 34

inherited traits that cause abnormal metabolism of the drug | G6PD

Question 35

pharmaceutic phase

Answer 35

dissolution of a drug, breakdown of tablets

Question 36

drug interactions

Answer 36

when one drug interacts with another

Question 37

additive drug response

Answer 37

reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone

Question 38

synergism

Answer 38

a drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their seperate actions

Question 39

antagonist drug reaction

Answer 39

on drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization

Question 40

drug-food interactions

Answer 40

given orally, food may impair or enhance its absorption

Question 41

teratogen

Answer 41

a substance that may produce physical or functional defects in a human embryo or fetus

Question 42

pregnancy category A

Answer 42

controlled human studies show no risk

Question 43

pregnancy category B

Answer 43

no evidence of risk in studies

Question 44

pregnancy category C

Answer 44

risk cannot be ruled out

Question 45

pregnancy category D

Answer 45

positive evidence of risk

Question 46

pregnancy category X

Answer 46

contraindicated in pregnancy