8.1- THE PERIODIC TABLE

Question 1

What is the periodic table?

Answer 1

list of all elements in order of increasing atomic number

Question 2

How can you predict the properties of an element from the periodic table?

Answer 2

from its position in the table

Question 3

What can you use the periodic table to explain? (2)

Answer 3

similarities of certain elements and trends in properties, in terms of their electronic configuration

Question 4

Two forms that the periodic table had been written in?

Answer 4

spiral and pyramid

Question 5

On what side are the non-metals on the periodic table?

Answer 5

right

Question 6

On what side are the metals on the periodic table?

Answer 6

left

Question 7

What separates the metals and the non-metals on the periodic table?

Answer 7

‘staircase’ line

Question 8

What are the properties of elements that touch the staircase line on the periodic table like?

Answer 8

have combination of metallic and non-metallic properties

Question 9

Example of an element that touches the ‘staircase’ line on the periodic table?

Answer 9

silicon

Question 10

What are elements that touch the ‘staircase’ line on the periodic table called?

Answer 10

metalloids or semi-metals

Question 11

How is silicon a metalloid/ semi-metal?

Answer 11

it’s a non-metal but it looks quite shiny and conducts electricity, although not as well as a metal

Question 12

What are s-block elements?

Answer 12

elements that have their highest energy electrons in s-orbitals

Question 13

What are p-block elements?

Answer 13

elements that have their highest energy electrons in p-orbitals

Question 14

What are d-block elements?

Answer 14

elements that have their highest energy electrons in d-orbitals

Question 15

Strictly speaking are transition metals and d-block elements exactly the same?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

Why are scandium and zinc not transition metals?

Answer 16

they don’t form any compounds in which they have partly filled d-orbitals, which is a characteristic of transition metals

Question 17

What do elements give out when they are heated?

Answer 17

light energy at certain wavelengths, as excited electrons fall back from one energy level to a lower one

Question 18

When light energy at certain wavelength are given out when elements are heated what does this cause? (hint spectrum)

Answer 18

line to appear in spectrum of light they give out

Question 19

What do the letters s, p, d, and f stand for when used to describe lines on spectrum?

Answer 19

• s sharp
• p principal
• d diffuse
• f fine

Question 20

What is a group on the periodic table?

Answer 20

vertical column of elements

Question 21

What do elements in the same group form?

Answer 21

chemical family- have similar properties

Question 22

What do elements in the same group have the same number of?

Answer 22

same number of electrons in the outer main level

Question 23

In the s-block elements how does reactivity change going down the group?

Answer 23

get more reactive going down the group

Question 24

On the right of the periodic table how does reactivity change going down the group?

Answer 24

elements tend to get more reactive going up a group

Question 25

What are the transition metals? (reactivity)

Answer 25

block of rather unreactive metals

Question 26

Where are most useful metals found?

Answer 26

transition metals block

Question 27

What are lanthanides?

Answer 27

metals which are not often encountered

Question 28

What charge ions do lanthanides tend to form in their compounds?

Answer 28

all tend to form +3 ions in their compounds

Question 29

What is the reactivity of all the lanthanides like?

Answer 29

broadly similar reactivity

Question 30

What are actinides?

Answer 30

radioactive metals

Question 31

What are the only actinides that occur naturally in the Earth's crust in anything more than trace quantities? (2)

Answer 31

thorium and uranium

Question 32

What are periods in the periodic table?

Answer 32

horizontal rows of elements

Question 33

What trends are their going across a period?

Answer 33

trends in physical properties and chemical behaviour

Question 34

Where is helium usually placed above on the periodic table?

Answer 34

above the noble gases

Question 35

Why is helium usually placed above the noble gases on the periodic table?

Answer 35

because of its properties

Question 36

Why shouldn't helium be placed above the noble gases on the periodic table?

Answer 36

it's not a p-block element- its electronic arrangement is 1s2

Question 37

Where is hydrogen sometimes placed on the periodic table?

Answer 37

above group 1

Question 38

Where is hydrogen often placed on the periodic table?

Answer 38

on its own

Question 39

What is the only way that hydrogen and group 1 elements are similar?

Answer 39

hydrogen usually forms singly charged +1 (H+) ions like group 1 elements

Question 40

Other than hydrogen and group 1 elements both forming +1 ions, why are group 1 elements and hydrogen not similar?

Answer 40

group 1 elements are reactive metals and hydrogen is a gas

Question 41

Why is hydrogen sometimes placed above the halogens?

Answer 41

as it can form H- ions and also bond covalently