Chapter 6 Juvenile Offenders

Question 1

Within 2 yrs of leaving prison how many young offenders reoffend?

Answer 1

75%

Question 2

How many males with a family member who had not been convicted had a conviction themselves?

How many males with a family member who had been convicted had a conviction themselves?

Answer 2

24%

53%

Question 3

What was the strongest finding between family (wives) and criminality?

Answer 3

83% of males had a conviction if their wife did, factors of early environment and heredity could explain this

Question 4

Most to young offenders are convicted for multiple offences rather than a single serious offence

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What was the estimated economic cost of the self-reported crimes of US young males?

Answer 5

$90 and $110 million of 500 boys

Question 6

Isomorphism hypothesis states that

Answer 6

Physically abused children commit physically violent offences

Sexually abused children commit sexually violent crimes

Question 7

Do factors such as lack of love, laxness and family disruption cause delinquency?

Answer 7

No - they may increase the risk of delinquency but are not necessarily causes

Question 8

Uk stats state that X% of rapes are by offenders under 18 years and up to X of all sexual offences against children

Answer 8

30% of all rapes

Up to half of all sexual offences against children

Question 9

Moral reasoning and delinquency- what can we NOT say about it

Answer 9

Offenders were typically at Kohlbergs conventional level of reasoning - INCORRECT

Question 10

Some argue that Kohlberg’s theory is biased against x societies which are x and scored them lower in moral reasoning than those oriented towards the community

Answer 10

Some argue that Kohlberg’s theory is biased against collectivist (community) societies and scored them lower in moral reasoning than those oriented towards the individual (individualist)

Question 11

Farrington - key findings about the development of criminality

Answer 11

Actively avoiding/rejecting offending peaks at 20-29 yr olds

Those who begin offending earlier tend to have the highest rates of offending and the longest criminal careers

A disproportionately small number of chronic offenders are responsible for a large proportion of crimes

Young offenders are versatile (not specialist)