Biochem: Diseases Flashcards
What disease features skin tumors, photosensitivity, cataract development, and neurological abnorm, caused by defects in the nucleotide excision repair system, defections in helicase, and endonuclease genes?
Xeroderma pigmentosum
What poorly understood disease features reduced stature, atrophe, deafness, photosensitivity, and mental retardation as a result of defective UV repair pathways, and may overlap with other conditions affecting DNA repair?
Cockayne Syndrome
What usually results in sickle cell anemia?
Missense mutation that changes the effectiveness of hemoglobin
What kind of drug is AZT, ZDT, and Zidovudine (all are azidothymidine)? What can it treat?
Anti-retroviral; anticancer chemotherapy drug
What kind of drug is didanosine (ddl)?
Antiretroviral drug; also used in anticancer chemotherapy
What kind of drug is cytarabin (ara C)?
Anticancer chemo
What kind of drug is vidarabin (ara A)?
Antiviral
What enzymes do anticancer drugs typically target? What enzyme does antibiotics usually target?
Topoisomerase I and II; DNA gyrase
Where does streptomycin target in bacterial translation? What step?
30s subunit of ribosomes to distort its structure; INITIATION
Where does tetracycline bind in bacterial transcription? What step does this affect?
30s subunit of ribosome to block aminoacyl-tRNA; ELONGATION
Where does puromycin activate in transcription? What step does it affect?
Similar structure to aminacyl-tRNA, accepting peptide from P-site; induces termination and inhibits at ELONGATION
***can happen in prok and euk cells
Where does chloramphenicol act in transcription? Which step does it affect?
Blocks peptidotransferases in proks (and mitochondria in high conc); inhibits ELONGATION
Where does erythromycin act in transcription? What does it inhibit or affect?
50s binding irreversibly, blocks tunnel of peptides; inhibits TRANSLOCATION
