Lecture 12: Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Regular Cell

  1. What are the properties of the apical surface?
  2. What are the properties of the basal​ surface?
  3. What are the properties of the lateral​ surface?
A

1. What are the properties of the apical surface?

Faces exterior surface/lumen and participates in molecular filtering

2. What are the properties of the basal​ surface?

Rests on basement membrane and anchors cell to underlying connetctive tissue

3. What are the properties of the lateral​ surface?

Communicates and attaches to adjacent cells while maintaining integrity

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2
Q

Tight/Occluding Junctions

  1. What are their properties?
  2. Where do you normally find them?
A

1. What are their properties?

They are impermeable and acts as a barrier

2. Where do you normally find them?

Normally at apical surface

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3
Q

Gap/Communication Junctions

  1. What are their properties?
  2. Where do you normally find them?
A
    1. What are their properties?*
  • Mediate communication with adjacent cells
  • Uses Connexin to create a pore for fluid and ions to pass through
    1. Where do you normally find them?*

Lateral Side of Cells

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4
Q

Anchoring Junctions

  1. What is the function?
  2. What types of anchoring junctions are there?
A

1. What is the function?

Link a cell to the cytoskeleton of adjacent cells

2. What types of anchoring junctions are there?

Adherins: Cadherins that interact with actin filaments on the apical surface

Desmosomes: Cadherins that interact with intermediate filaments on the lateral surface

Hemidesomosomes: Basal adhesions that interact with integrins and intermediate filaments that anchor to basal lamina

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5
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

Extracellular material where basal surface of cell rests on

-Permits diffusion of nutrients

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6
Q

What are the three types of Apical Specializations?

A
  1. Microvilli
  2. Stereocilia
  3. Cilia
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7
Q

Microvilli

What is their function?

What makes up the core of each Microvillus?

A

Function: Specialized for Absorption

Composition: Actin core

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8
Q

Stereocilia

  1. What is its function?
  2. What is its composition?
  3. Where is it found?
A

Function: Absorption and Secretion

Composition: Acting core and longer than usual microvilli (has less movement)

Location: Epididymis and the Sensory Cells of the Inner Ear

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9
Q

Cilia

  1. What is its function?
  2. What is its composition?
  3. Where is it found?
A

Function: Propel substances across tissue (to remove debris) and plays role in embryonic L/R axis determination

Composition: Internal arrays of microtubules (axoneme)

Location: Respiratory Tract

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10
Q

What are the three types of Cilia and their functions?

A

Motile: Beat in a wave like fashion to move substances

Primary: Immobile, but function as chemo-/osmo-/mechano- sensors

Nodal: Embryonic, help determine left/right axis

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11
Q

Where might you find Simple Squamous Epithelium?

A

Lining the Blood and Lymph Vessels (Endothelium)

Lining of Serous Membranes (Mesothelium)

-reduce friction

Lining Alveoli, Loop of Henle, Ducts

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12
Q

Where might you find Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

A

Kidney Tubules, Glands, and Associated Ducts.

Terminal Bronchioles

Covering of the Ovary

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13
Q

Where might you find Simple Columnar Epithelium?

A

Auditory Tubes

Uterus

Oviducts

Stomach

Small / Large Intestines

Gallbladder

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14
Q

Where might you find Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium?

A

Lining of the Nasal Cavity

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchi

(Respiratory System except the Terminal Bronchioles)

Looks like many layers but it is just one

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15
Q

Where might you find Urothelium?

A

Urinary Bladder

Ureters

Urethra

Multiple layers but doesn’t follow 3 shape rule

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16
Q

What is the special function of the Urothelium?

A

It is distensible

17
Q

Where might you find Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

A

Oral Cavity

Portions of the Pharynx

Esophagus

Anus

Vagina

Urethra

Cornea

Apical cells have nuclei!

18
Q

What is special about the Apical Layer of Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

A

The cells there do not have Nuclei

19
Q

Where might you find Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?

A

Sweat Glands and Ducts

Ovarian Follicles

Salivary Gland Ducts

Release Products and very similar looking to Stratified Columnar

20
Q

What function does a Goblet Cell perform?

A

Secretes mucus into the GI tract.

Simple Columnar Cells

21
Q

What kind of membranes are the Peritoneum, Pericardium, and Pleura?

A

Serous Membranes (Mesothelium)

22
Q

What is the example given for a Unicellular Gland?

A

Goblet Cell

23
Q

What is the method of secretion for a Merocrine Gland?

A

Secretory products are wrapped in membrane bound vesicles to the apical surface and released via exocytosis.

Example: Salivary Gland

24
Q

What is the method of secretion for an Holocrine gland?

A

Secretory product builds up inside of a cell, causing apoptosis

Cell ruptures and releases product along with cell debris

Example: Sebaceous Gland

25
Q

What is the method of secretion for an Apocrine gland?

A

Secretory product released with the apical portion of cell

  • Secretory product is surrounded by cytoplasm within the plasma membrane
  • Example: Mammary Glands*
26
Q

What is the secretory portion of a multicellular gland called?

A

The Acinus

In Exocrine Glands

27
Q

What sort of secretions are formed in the Parotid Gland?

A

Serous

28
Q

What sort of secretions are formed in the Sublingual Gland?

A

Mucous

29
Q

What kind of secretions are formed in the Submandibular Gland?

A

Both Serous and Mucous