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MSK > Upper Back - Myology > Flashcards

Upper Back - Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the suboccipital muscles.

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior major m.
  • Rectus capitis posteror minor m.
  • Obliquus capitis superior m.
  • Obliquus capitis inferior m.
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2
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: lateral aspect inferior nuchal line occipital B.
  • Origin: spinous process of axis
  • Action:
    • Extend head
    • Rotate face toward
  • Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami of C1)
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3
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: inferior to the inferior nuchal line of occipital B.
  • Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas
  • Function
    • Extend the head
  • Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami of C1)
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4
Q

Obliquus capitis superior m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: Between superior and inferior nuchal line of occipital B.
  • Origin: transverse process of atlas
  • Function:
    • Extend the head
    • Laterally flex the head
  • Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami of C1)
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5
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: transverse process of atlas
  • Origin: spinous process of axis
  • Function:
    • Rotate face toward
  • Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami of C1)
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6
Q

Name the “other” deep back muscles.

A
  • Interspinalis m. (L, T, C)
  • Intertransversarii m. (L, T, C)
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7
Q

Interspinalis m. (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: spinous process
  • Origin: adjacent spinous process
  • Action: extends the spine
  • Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami)
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8
Q

Intertransversarii m. (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion:
    • Cervicis: adjacent posterior tubercle of cervical transverse process
    • Thoracis: transverse process
    • Lumborum: mamillary process
  • Origin:
    • Cervicis: posterior tubercle of cervical transverse process
    • Thoracis: adjacent transverse process
    • Lumborum: adjacent mamillary process
  • Action: laterally flex the spine
    • Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami​)
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9
Q

Name the transversospinalis muscles (layer 6).

A
  • Semispinalis capitis m.
  • Semispinalis cervicis m.
  • Semispinalis thoracis m.
  • Multifudus m. (L, T, C)
  • Rotatores longus m. (L, T, C)
  • Rotatores brevis m. (L, T, C)
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10
Q

Semispinalis capitis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the suboccipital bone
  • Origin:
    • Articular processes of C4-C6
    • Transverse processes of C7-T6
  • Action:
    • Extends the head
    • Rotates the face away
  • Innervation: posterior rami
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11
Q

Semispinalis cervicis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: spinous process of C2-C5
  • Origin: transverse processes of T1-T6
  • Action:
    • Extend the spine
    • Rotate the spine away
  • Innervation: posterior rami
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12
Q

Semispinalis thoracis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: spinous processes of C6-T4
  • Origin: transverse processes of T6-T12
  • Action:
    • Extend the spine
    • Rotate the spine away
  • Innervation: posterior rami
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13
Q

Multifidus m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: spinous processes (3-4 segments superiorly)
  • Origin:
    • Cervicis: articular processes of C4-C7
    • Thoracis: transverse processes
    • Lumborum: mamillary processes
  • Action
    • Extend the spine
    • Rotate the spine away
  • Innervation: posterior rami
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14
Q

Rotatores longus m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: roots of spinous processes 2 segments superiorly
  • Origin: transverse processes
  • Action:
    • Extend spine
    • Rotate spine away
    • Proprioception
  • Innervation: posterior rami
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15
Q

Rotatores brevis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: roots of adjacent spinous processes
  • Origin: transverse processes
  • Action:
    • Extend spine
    • Rotate spine away
    • Proprioception
  • Innervation: posterior rami
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16
Q

Name the erector spinae muscles (layer 5).

A
  • Iliocostalis lumborum m.
  • Iliocostalis thoracis m.
  • Iliocostalis cervicis m.
  • Longissimus thoracis m.
  • Longissiumus cervicis m.
  • Longissimus capitis m.
  • Spinalis thoracis m.
  • Spinalis cervicis m.
  • Longissimus capitis m.
17
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: costal angles of ribs 7-12
  • Origin:
    • Posteriomedial iliac crest
    • Medial sacral
    • Lateral sacral crest
  • Action:
    • Maintain erect posture
    • Extend vertebral column
    • Laterally flex vertebral column
  • Innervation: posterior rami
18
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: costal angles of ribs 1-6
  • Origin: costal angles of ribs 7-12
  • Action:
    • Maintain erect posture
    • Extend vertebral column
    • Laterally flex vertebral column
  • Innervation: posterior rami
19
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: posterior tubercles of transverse process C4-C6
  • Origin: costal angles of ribs 3-6
  • Action:
    • Extend the neck
    • Laterally flex the vertebral column
    • Laterally flex the neck
  • Innervation: posterior rami
20
Q

Longissimus thoracis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion:
    • Transverse processes T1-L2
    • Ribs 3-12 between costaltubercle and costal angle
  • Origin:
    • Transverse and accessory processes L1-L5
    • Posteriomedial iliac crest
    • Lateral sacral crest
    • Medal sacral crest
    • Median sacral crest
  • Action:
    • Maintain erect posture
    • Extend the vertebral column
  • Innervation: posterior rami
21
Q

Longissimus cervicis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: posterior tubercles of transverse processes and articular processes C2-C6
  • Origin: Transverse processes T1-T5
  • Action:
    • Extends the neck
    • Laterally flexes the neck
  • Innervation: posterior rami
22
Q

Longissimus capitis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: mastoid process of temporal B.
  • Origin:
    • Articular processes C5-C7
    • Transverse processes T1-T5
  • Action:
    • Extend the neck
    • Laterally flex the neck
    • Rotate the face toward
  • Innervation: posterior rami
23
Q

Spinalis thoracis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Innervation: spinous processes T1-T8
  • Origin: spinous processes T11-L2
  • Action:
    • Maintain erect posture
    • Extend the vertebral column
  • Innervation: posterior rami
24
Q

Spinalis cervicis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: spinous process of C2
  • Origin:
    • nuchal ligament
    • spinous process of C7
  • Action:
    • Extend the neck
    • Laterally flex the vertebral column
    • Laterally flex the neck
  • Innervation: posterior rami
25
Q

Spinalis capitis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: blends in with semispinalis capitis m.
  • Origin:
    • Spinous process C7
    • Inferiormost nuchal l.
  • Action:
    • Extend the neck
    • Laterally flex the neck
  • Innervation: posterior rami
26
Q

Name the muscles of layer 4 (intrinsic).

A
  • Splenius capitis m.
  • Splenius cervicis m.
27
Q

Splenius capitus m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion:
    • Lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
    • Mastoid process of temporal bone
  • Origin:
    • Lower 1/2 of the nuchal ligament
    • Spinous processes of C7-T3(4)
  • Action:
    • Extend the neck
    • Laterally flex the neck
    • Rotate the face toward
  • Innervation: posterior rami (C3-C5)
28
Q

Splenius cervicis m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: transverse process of C1-C3(4)
  • Origin: spinous processes T3-T6
  • Action:
    • Extend the neck
    • Laterally flex the neck
    • Rotate the face toward
  • Innervation: posterior rami (C5-C7)
29
Q

Name the muscles of layer 3 (extrinsic).

A
  • Serratus posterior superior m.
  • Serratus posterior inferior m.
30
Q

Serratus posterior superior m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: superior surface of ribs 2-5
  • Origin:
    • Inferiormost nuchal ligament
    • Spinous processes C7-T3
  • Action:
    • Elevate the ribs during forced inspiration
    • Prioprioception
  • Innervation: intercostal nerves (2-5)
31
Q

Serratus posterior inferior m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: inferior surfaces of ribs 8-12
  • Origin: spinous processes of T11-L2
  • Action:
    • Depress the ribs during forced expiration
    • Proprioception
  • Innervation: anterior rami of T9-12
32
Q

Name the muscles of layer 2 (extrinsic).

A
  • Rhomboid major m.
  • Rhomboid minor m.
  • Levator scapulae m.
33
Q

Rhomboid major m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: medial border of the scapula (inferior to the scapular spine)
  • Origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
  • Action:
    • Retract scapula
    • Elevate scapula
    • Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
    • Innervation: dorsal scapular n.
34
Q

Rhomboid minor m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: medial border of the scapula (at the scapular spine)
  • Origin: spinous processes C7, T1
  • Action:
    • Retract scapula
    • Elevate scapula
    • Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular n.
35
Q

Levator scapulae m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: medial border of the scapula (superior to the scapular spine)
  • Origin: posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-C4
  • Action:
    • Retract scapula
    • Elevate the scapula
    • Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
    • IF scapula is fixed:
      • ​Extend the neck
      • Laterally flex the neck
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular n.
36
Q

Name the muscles of layer 1 (extrinsic).

A
  • Trapezius m.
  • Latissimus dorsi m
37
Q

Trapezius m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion:
    • lateral 1/3 of clavicle
    • acromion
    • scapular spine
  • Origin
    • Medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line
    • External occipital protuberance
    • Nuchal ligament
    • Spinous processes C7-T12
  • Action
    • Whole muscle
      • Retract the scapula
      • Rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly
    • Inferior part
      • Depress the scapula
    • With scapula fixed
      • Extend the neck
      • Laterally flex the neck
      • Rotate face away
  • Innervation: spinal accessory n. (C11)
38
Q

Latissimus dorsi m.

(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Insertion: floor of humeral intertubercular groove
  • Origin:
    • Spinous processes T6-L5
    • Ribs 9-12
    • Iliac crest
    • Median sacral crest via thoracolumbar fascia
  • Action:
    • Extend humerus
    • Adduct humerus
    • Mediall rotate the humerus
    • Rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
  • Innervation: thoracodorsal n.
39
Q
A

MSK (8 decks)

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