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Physical Diagnosis > Derm Terms > Flashcards

Derm Terms Flashcards

1
Q

eccrine gland

A

sweat gland over most of the body

  • abbundant on palms, soles, and forehead
  • does NOT cause odor
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2
Q

Apocrine gland

A

in axillary and genital regions

  • secretes into sac of hair folicle
  • mixes with the bacteria and produces the odor
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3
Q

Hair follicle types

A

Vellus Hairs- short and fine

Terminal Hairs- like on scalp and in the axilla

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4
Q

Morphological characteristics of Skin Lesions

A

distiribution, shape, arrangment, border, margin, palpation

  • localized: in one small area
  • Regional: lesions in one part of the body
  • Generalized/disseminated: lesions appear widely distributed or in multiple areas simultaneously
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5
Q

Round/Discoid

A
  • coin shape
  • no central clearing
  • umbillicated: having a small depression in the center
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6
Q

Ovoid

A

Oval shape

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7
Q

Annular

A

round with a central clearing and active margins

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8
Q

Dermatomal

A

following a nerve segment

-notes whether it crosses the midline

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9
Q

Target

A

pink maccules with purple central papules

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10
Q

Serpiginous

A

Squiggly line rash

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11
Q

Morbilliform

A

measles like rash

erythemous maculopapular lesions that become confluent on the face and body

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12
Q

Distinct borders/margins vs. Indistinct

A

well define and able to draw a line around the area with confidence

-poorly defines and borders merge with normal skin

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13
Q

Erythemous

A

redness: can be red, pink, salmon, coppery, reddish blue

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14
Q

What to note with the palpation of a lesion

A

consitency, mobility, blanchable ( when you press on it with a slide does the redness go away). tenderness, depth of lesion, deviation of temperature

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15
Q

ABCDEs of melanoma

A

asymetry, borders, color, diameter, evolution

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16
Q

Primary vs Secondary lesions

A

Primary- arise from normal skin and important for diagnosis

Secondary- arise from changes in primary lesions and usually due to exogenous factors like itching

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17
Q

Macule

A

Prim

  • round non palpable
  • <1cm in diameter
  • circumscribed color change
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18
Q

Patch

A

Prim

  • flat not palpable
  • can have an rregular shape
  • > 1cm in di
  • typ hyper or hypo pigmented
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19
Q

Papule

A

Prim

  • palpable and firm
  • <1cm
  • circumscribed can be flesh, brown, or red colored
  • can be confluent
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20
Q

Plaque

A

Prim

  • elevated and firm
  • palpable
  • > 1cm in diameter
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21
Q

Nodule

A

Prim

  • elevated and circumscribed
  • often >1.5cm
  • deeper and firmer than a papule
  • can be compressable, soft, rubbery or firm
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22
Q

Tumor

A

Prim

  • Large nodule
  • deerer in the dermis
  • > 2cm
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23
Q

Wheal

A

Prim

  • irregular shape
  • Transient( comes and goes)
  • superficial edema
  • like a hive (urtucaria) or a welt
24
Q

Vesicle

A

Prim

  • Elevated
  • well circumscribed
  • <1cm in di
  • contain clear fluid
25
Q

Bulla

A

Prim
-elevated and well circumscribed
->1cm
Filled with serous fluid

26
Q

Pustule

A

Prim

  • elevatedand superficial
  • filled with pus
  • well circumscribed
27
Q

Furuncle

A

Prim

  • infection of a single hair
  • often with staph aureus
  • “boil”
28
Q

Carbuncle

A

Prim

  • infection of multiple hair follicles
  • can form an abscess
29
Q

Crust

A

Sec

  • dried residue of serum, pus, or blood
  • adherent
  • like a scab
30
Q

Scale

A

sec

  • hyperkeratosis
  • accumulation of the stratum corneum
  • like psoriasis
31
Q

Fissure

A

sec

  • linear cleft in the skin
  • often painful
  • caused by dry, rough, low elasticy
32
Q

Erosion

A

sec

  • partial or complete loss of the epidermis
  • moist oozing and/or crusted lesion
33
Q

Ulcer

A

sec

-Deeper than an erosion; usually losing part/all of the dermis

34
Q

Excoriations

A

Sec

  • Exogenous injury to all or part of the dermis
  • may be linear or round
  • typ due to scratching
35
Q

Skin Atrophy

  1. Epidermal
  2. Dermal
A
  1. epidermal: Thinning of the epidermis> wrinkly shiny skin
  2. Dermal Atropy: loss of dermal collagen and/or elastin which leads to a depresson
    ex: stretch marks
36
Q

Lichenification

A

Sec
Thickening of the epidermis
increased visability of the skin markings

37
Q

Petchiae

A

Vascular lesion
-deep red and purple
-

38
Q

Purpura

A

Vascular lesion

  • the purple patches that old people get
  • deep red and purple
  • > .5cm
  • round and irregular
  • non blanchable
39
Q

Eccymosis

A

vasuclar

-bruising

40
Q

Spider Angiomas

A

Vascular

  • fiery red lesions
  • up to 2cm
  • usually central body with radiating legs
  • BLANCH with pressure
  • typically found in healthy women and childre OR liver disease in the elderly
41
Q

Cherry Angiomas

A 
Vascular 
- bright red papule 
- look like red moles 
1-6cm 
non blanchable 
- genetic
42
Q

Telangiectasis

A

Vascular

  • per dialated superficial blood vessels
  • red to violet in color
  • BLANCH
43
Q

Hemangioma

A

Vasc

  • benign vascular noplasm that is the most comon tumor in infants
  • red, irregular lesion from the dialation of dermal capillaries
  • will spontaneously involute
44
Q

Papulosquamous Lesion

A

Papules, plaques, and scales

45
Q

Vessiculobullos Lesions

A

Vessicles and bullae

46
Q

Maculopapular lesions

A

Macules and papules

- like drug eruptions

47
Q

Clubbing of the Finger

A

rounded and may feel spongy
- if you put the backs of the fingers together and there is no space just above the nail than you have clubbling “schamroth’s sign”

48
Q

Beau’s lines

A

transverse depression secondary to trauma or illness

- these will grow out with the nail

49
Q

Paronychia

A

inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds

Acute is less then 6wks

50
Q

Onychocryptosis

A

Ingrown toe nail

51
Q

Terry’s nails

A

Mostly white nail with a distal band of red and brown

52
Q

Leukonychia

A

trauma to the nail that will cause a white spot

53
Q

Koilonychia

A

Spooning of the nail

54
Q

Onycholysis

A

Painless separation of the nail from the nailbed

55
Q

Nail pitting

A

Small punctate depressions in the nail

-caused by nail matrix inflammation

Physical Diagnosis (4 decks)

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