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Fall 2019: OPT 110 Theory and Methods > (OPT 111 OOPS) Intro to Geometrical Optics and Vergence Notes > Flashcards

(OPT 111 OOPS) Intro to Geometrical Optics and Vergence Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Refractus means what in latin

A

To bend

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2
Q

How does a refraction occur

A

Due to light traveling at different speeds through different medias

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3
Q

Speed of light in a vacuum or air

A

3x10 ^8 m/s

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4
Q

Is the speed of light slower or quicker in denser mediums?

A

Slower. Causes light to take a different path.

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5
Q

Index of refraction describes what

A

How much light is slowed down

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6
Q

Index of refraction equation

A

n= c/Vm

n= index of refraction (no units. both cancel out) 
c= speed of light in vacuum (3x10^8 m/s) 
Vm= velocity of light traveling in media (m/s)
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7
Q

What is n ( index of refraction) for most common ophthalmic lenses?

A

1.5-1.6

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8
Q

What does “rectilinear propagation of light” mean?

A

Light will travel in a straight line unless something interferes

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9
Q

Snells law

A

(n1)(sin Theta 1) = (n2)(sin theta 2)

Describes how much light bends depending on the change of index of refraction between the 2 objects.

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10
Q

What is an object?

A
  • Anything that gives off light and can be viewed.
  • Can be an original source of light (light bulb, star)
  • Can be seen by reflecting light off of it (people, apples, etc)
  • Object sends light INTO a lens
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11
Q

point object and point __ are the same thing

A

source

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12
Q

Where do point sources emit light

A

In all directions. 3D. Same speed and index in all directions and light wave propagates energy.

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13
Q

Rays

A

Drawn perpendicular to light wave fronts and represented as an arrow

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14
Q

Pencil

A

Collection of rays in 2D

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15
Q

The farther the wavefront travels from the point source, the ____ the wavefront becomes

A

Flatter

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16
Q

Longer radius of curvature = ___ surface

Shorter radius of curvature= ___ surface

A

Flatter

More curved/steep

17
Q

What does the surface look like if the curvature is infinitely long?

A

Completely flat

18
Q

Divergent rays represents wavefronts getting

A

Flatter

19
Q

Flat wavefronts is another word for

A

Plane waves

20
Q

By the time waves travel __ feet (__ meters) from a point/object source, the waves are “flat enough” for clinical purposes.

A

20 feet or 6 meters. This is “optical infinity” and divergence (diopters) is so small it’s insignificant.

21
Q

Convergent rays represents wavefronts getting

A

Stepper/curvier

22
Q
  1. Real object
  2. Virtual object
  3. Real image
  4. Virtual image
A
  1. Rays diverging and headed into optical system
  2. Rays converging and headed into optical system
  3. Rays converging and coming out of optical system (Can be seen after optical system)
  4. Rays diverging and coming out of optical system. (Can be traced back before optical system)
23
Q

Physically real image

A

An image that is produced due to a converging real image and is either displayed on a screen or creates the image before it reaches a screen (therefore, the image is not displayed, but it is still physically there)

24
Q

Optically real image

A

When a real image is blocked by a screen before the image is formed at the image point. Therefore, the image is not produced so it is not physically there.

25
Q

Vergence quantifies

A

Convergence or divergence

Related to the curvature of the wavefront at a given point

26
Q

Assume what when discussing Vergence

A

Uniform media, spherical wavefronts

27
Q

Diopter (unit)

A

Reciprocal of the distance you are away from a point source or object source (Diverging, minus)
Reciprocal of the distance you are away from the focus point or point image(Converging, hyperopia, plus)

28
Q

Relationship between a ray’s distance and vergence

A

Longer the ray = less vergence or curving

Shorter the ray = more vergence or curving

29
Q

Equation to calculate vergence using index of refraction and distance

A

vergence = index of refraction light is traveling through/distance in meters

L= n/l

30
Q

Will diverging light have a + or - vergence

A

-

31
Q

Will converging light have a + or - vergence

A

+

32
Q

True or false: light rays always diverge from a real object

A

True

33
Q

Directly at the object or source, the vergence is

A

infinite

34
Q

Index of refraction in

  1. Air
  2. Water
  3. CR-39
  4. Crown Glass
A
  1. 1.00
  2. 1.33
  3. 1.49
  4. 1.523
35
Q

If a lens has a virtual object, then it has ____ rays coming out of the lens

A

Diverging

Fall 2019: OPT 110 Theory and Methods (13 decks)

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