Chapter 3 - Biological Molecules

Question 1

The Four Macromolecules

Answer 1

PNaCL

Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids

Question 2

Monomer

Answer 2

Small molecule

Question 3

Polymer

Answer 3

Long-chain molecule made up of a repeated pattern of monomers

Question 4

Monosaccharides (Carbs)

Answer 4

1 Sugar molecule
Glucose, Galactose, Ribose, Fructose
GGaRF

Question 5

Polysaccharides (Carbs)

Answer 5

Many sugar molecules bonded together
Chitin, Cellulose, Glycogen, Starch
CCeGS

Question 6

Carbs

Answer 6

C, H, O

Simple (Glucose); Complex (Starch)

Question 7

Dehydration Synthesis (Carbon)

Answer 7

Organic molecules joined by removing H2O

Question 8

Hydrolysis (Carbon)

Answer 8

Organic molecules broken by adding H2O

Question 9

Lipids

Answer 9

C, H, O (Mainly C and H)
Hydrophobic; store energy, waxy coverings, membranes
3 Major Groups: Fats, Phospholipids, Steroids

Question 10

Fats (Lipids)

Answer 10

More energy storage than sugars but weigh less

Question 11

Saturated Fats

Answer 11

Maximum # of single H bonds

Question 12

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 12

Some double bonds => Oils

Question 13

Phospholipid (Lipids)

Answer 13

Hydrophobic “tails” and hydrophilic “heads” = cell membranes

Question 14

Steroids (Lipids)

Answer 14

Hormones

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

C, H, O, N
Amino Acid is building block (only 20 kinds naturally occurring)
Only 20 naturally occurring
Denaturation: chemically or thermally breaking protein bonds

Question 16

Four Structures of Proteins

Answer 16

Primary: long chain of aa’s
Secondary: folding, bending/pleating
Tertiary: H and Disulfide bonds
Quaternary: Globular (Hemoglobin) vs Strands (Collagen)

Question 17

Nucleic Acids

Answer 17

C, H, O, N, P

DNA and RNA are 2 types of Nucleic Acids

Question 18

Nucleotides

Answer 18

Building blocks of Nucleic Acids

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate - store and transfer energy) is nucleotide

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Nucleotides: Guanine + Cytosine, Thymine + Adenine

Question 20

RNA

Answer 20

Ribonucleic Acid

Nucleotides: Guanine + Cytosine, Uracil + Adenine

Question 21

Differences in DNA from RNA

Answer 21

Different sugar (deoxyribose vs ribose)
Double vs single-stranded
T vs U
Stable vs unstable
Permanent storage vs Temporary message

Question 22

Hydrophobic

Answer 22

Won’t mix with water; repels it

Question 23

Hydrophilic

Answer 23

Mixes with, dissolves in, is wetted by water