Bio Lab 13- Vertebrates

Question 0

Circulatory systems

Answer 0

Single loop:

• 2 chamber heart
• Fish
• red and blue mixed fully

Double loop:

• 3 chamber heart
• frog
• red comes into red, blue into blue, all leaves out the same path

Double loop 2:

• 4 chambered heart
• humans
• high blood pressure
• fully separate red and blue

Question 1

Vertebrates

Answer 1

Phylum Chordata 
Class Vertebrata
4 Features:
-cranium and vertebral column
-highly cephalized (aka brain)
- endoskeleton
-closed circulatory system

Question 2

Clade Jawed Fishes

Answer 2

Phylum Chordata
SP Vertebrata 
3 classes
-Class Chondichthyes
-Class Actinoptergii
-Class Sarcoptergii

Question 3

Class Chindrichthyes

Answer 3

Phylum Chordata, SP Vertebrata, clade jawed fish
Sharks and rays
Cartilage endoskeleton 
Directional scales
Sense electric field-heart beats
Buoyancy managed by oil in liver
Heteroceracal tail: top is longer

Question 4

Class Actinoptergii

Answer 4

Phylum Chordata, SP Vertebrata, clade jawed fish
Most common fishe
Seahorse, trout, salmon
Ray finned
Bony endoskeleton
Buoyancy managed by swim blatter
Homoceracal tail: even top and bottom

Question 5

Class Sarcoptergii

Answer 5

Phylum Chordata, SP Vertebrata, clade jawed fish
Lobed fin
8 extant species
Lung fish, coelacanths 
Articulating appendages with fins on end
Dipherceracel tail

Question 6

Clade Tetrapods

Answer 6

3 classes
Amphibia
Reptila
Mammalia

Question 7

Class Amphibia

Answer 7

Phylum Chordata, SP Vertebrata, clade Tetrapoda
Frogs, salamanders
Double life: juveniles live in water, adults live on land
Cutaneous respiration: breathe thru skin AND lungs
Non amniotic eggs
Bio indicators

Question 8

Class Reptila

Answer 8

Phylum Chordata, SP Vertebrata, clade Tetrapoda
Scaly waterproof skin
Lungs only respiration
Amniotic eggs
Ectothermic

Question 9

Class Mammalian

Answer 9

Phylum Chordata, SP Vertebrata, clade Tetrapoda
3 distinct features:
-hair
-mammary glands
-3 inner ear bones
-endothermic

Question 10

Mammalian modes of development

Answer 10

1. Monotremes: egg laying
   - platypus, echidna
2. Marsupials: underdeveloped young move into pouch
   - kangaroos
3. Placentals: full internal development
   - humans

Question 11

Mammalian mating systems

Answer 11

Monogamy (1:1)
Polygamy (multiple:1)
- polygyny: single male
- polyandry: single female
- permiscuous: no bonds

Question 12

Teeth of mammals

Answer 12

1. Herbivores
   - lots of grinding area
   - big gap between molars and front teeth
2. Carnivores:
   - large canines
   - carnaceal = overlapping molars
   - work like scissors
3. Omnivore
   - less differentiated
   - some of each

Question 13

Horns vs. antlers

Answer 13

Primarily on male
Chosen by female
Antlers: shed each year, moose
Horns: permanent, cow

Question 14

Dissections

Answer 14

Fish:
-phylum Chordata, sp Vertebrata, clade jawed fish, class Actinoptergii 

Frog:
Phylum Chordata, sp Vertebrata, class amphibia, clade Tetrapoda 

Rat: 
Phylum Chordata, sp Vertebrata, class mammalian, clade Tetrapoda