(DONE) Lab Manual 3 + 4

Question 1

List the 3 different body types

Answer 1

• endomorphy
• mesomorphy
• ectomorphy

Question 2

Describe the body type: endomorphy (5)

Answer 2

• Large anterior-posterior diameter of body segments
• central concentration of mass with abdomen larger than thorax
• rounded thighs and upper arms
• high and square shoulders
• short and thick neck

Question 3

Describe the body type: mesomorphy (4)

Answer 3

• solid body with uniformly distributed mass
• lean and defined muscles
• thoracic volume larger than abdominal volume
• slender waist relative to body

Question 4

Describe the body type: ectomorphy (8)

Answer 4

• high degree of linearity
• small anterior posterior diameter
• possible shoulder droop (extreme cases)
• prominent ribs
• narrow non-muscular shoulders
• long limbs relative to trunk
• slender and long neck
• prominent clavicles

Question 5

Define anthropometry

Answer 5

• study of measurements and proportions of the human body

Question 6

lab equipment (5)

Answer 6

• Steel anthropometric tape measure
• Calibrated beam balance weigh scale
• Slim Guide skinfold caliper or Harpenden skinfold caliper
• Stadiometer
• Omron Fat Loss Monitor, Model HBF-306

Question 7

Landmarks (3)

Answer 7

Acromiale - bony tip of shoulder
Radiale - elbow
Iliospinale - point of hip

Question 8

Measuring height (4)

Answer 8

• use stadiometer
• assistant cups subjects head with fingers pressed firmly behind prominent bones behind ears during measurement
• subject wears no shoes during measurement
• heels, butt, upper back against wall. head in frankfort plane position

Question 9

Measuring weight (3)

Answer 9

• calibrated beam balance weighing scale
• wear minimal clothing
• measure to closest .1kg

Question 10

Skinfold measurements (6)

Answer 10

• use slim guide skinfold caliper or harpenden skinfold caliper
• subject should remain relaxed;
• all readings taken on right side of body except for the abdominal one
• left index and thumb grasps skinfold (maintain grasp throughout measurement) according to landmarks. the back of hand should face the measureer and fingers are pointed downwards
• caliper jaws are applied 1cm below grasping fingers using your right hand. release jaw pressure slowly and take skinfold measurement 2-4 seconds after pressure is released
• record reading to nearest 1mm

Question 11

List the equations and ways to calculate percentage body fat methods (7)

Answer 11

• Yuhasz
• Durnin and Womersley
• Jackson and Pollack (generalized equation)
• Jackson and Pollack (student ethnic group equation)
• Peterson
• Wang
• Bioelectrical Impedance

Question 12

Subject preparation and procedure

Answer 12

• alcohol and exercise can cause dehydration which can result in body fat readings that are too high

Question 13

how to measure girth of flexed arm and waist and calf

Answer 13

• apply tension to maintain the position of the tape without causing indentation
• patient bends arm at shoulder level to about 90 degrees and contracts bicep muscle. the largets point on the muscle is measured
• clear abdomen of all clothing and accessories. measure at the superior edge of the iliac crest (inferior edge of tape measure at this level) with subjects arms crossed over chest and feet shoulder width apart.
• subject stands on box with weight evenly distributed on both feet measure at largest point of calf