Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 3001 > Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic functions of the thorax (6)

A
  • Protection
  • Rigidity and elasticity
  • Provides attachement for certain muscles required for upper limb movement
  • Haematopoiesis
  • Resists negative intra-thoracic pressure (works in partnership with diaphragm and abdominal muscles)
  • Connections with the neck, upper limbs and abdomen.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the shape of the thorax?

A

The shape of a truncated cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes up the components of the rib cage?

A
  • Sternum
  • 12 pairs of ribs (plus their costal cartilages)
  • 12 thoracic vertebrae (plus their intervertebral discs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes up the components of the thoracic wall?

A
  • Thoracic cage
  • Skin
  • Subcutaneous tissue
  • Thoracic muscles + fascia
  • 3 layers of muscles extending between ribs (intercostal space)
  • Mammary gland/breast tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three classifications for ribs?

A
  • True ribs (1-7)
  • False ribs (8-10)
  • Floating ribs (11-12)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the costal groove located?

A

On the inner surface and close to the inferior border for the intercostal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What lies in the grooves of the first rib?

A

(anterior to posterior)

  • Groove for subclavian vein
  • Scalene tubercle (attachment for anterior scalene muscle)
  • Groove for subclavian artery and the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
  • There is no costal groove
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What muscle attaches to the tuberosity on the 2nd rib?

A

Serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where can bone marrow aspiration be done in the thorax?

A

The sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What level is the solar plexus region at?

A

T6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which ribs do not articulate with the superior costal facet of its corresponding vertebra and the inferior costal facet of the vertebra above?

A

ribs 1, 11 and 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of joint is the costovertebral joint?

A

Synovial, supported by a capsule with ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What articulates on the costotransverse joint?

A

The tubercle of the rib (except 11 and 12) and the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are the facets shaped on the 1st to the 7th costotransverse joints?

A

They are curved to allow for rotatory movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are the facets shaped on the 8, 9 and 10th costotransverse joints?

A

They have flat facets which allow for gliding movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What kind of joint is the costochondral/costosternal joint?

A

A primary cartilaginous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How far does the apex of the lung extend above the anterior part of the 1st rib and clavicle?

A

2-3 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the thoracic inlet bound by?

A

The T1 vertebra, 1st rib, costal cartilage and manubrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structures pass between the thorax and neck?

A
  • Vessels that supply and drain the head and neck
  • Trachea
  • Oesophagus
  • Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves
  • Phrenic nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What structures pass between the thorax and the upper limb? (lie on 1st rib)

A
  • Subclavian artery
  • Subclavian vein
  • Inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the thoracic outlet (inferior thoracic aperture) bounded by?

A
  • T12 vertebra
  • 11th and 12th ribs
  • Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (costal margin/arch)
  • Xiphoid process
  • Closed incompletely by the diaphragm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

A
  • Subclavian artery, subclavian vein or nerves of the brachial plexus become compressed by either the clavicle, scalene triangle or between coracoid process and pec minor.
  • Occurs at thoracic inlet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are montgomery tubercles?

A

Visible portions of areolar glands on the skin surface, within the areola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

Microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy mixture called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are areolar (Montgomery) glands?

A

Sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where are the breasts located in adult females?

A
  • Between the levels of the 2nd - 6th rib
  • From the lateral border of the sternum to the mid-axillary line
  • The upper lateral section may extend towards the axilla
  • Found between the superficial and deep layers of superficial fascia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the name given to connective tissue which condenses to form ligaments in the breasts?

A

Suspensory (Cooper’s) ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the purpose of the suspensory (Cooper’s) ligaments in the breasts?

A
  • Connect deep fascia to the dermis of the skin

- Support the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the retromammary space?

A

A layer of loose connective tissue between the deep layer of superficial fascia and the deep fascia.
Provides some degree of movement over underlying structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What arteries supply the breasts?

A
  • Mammary branches from the internal thoracic artery
  • anterior intercostal arteries from the internal thoracic artery
  • Lateral thoracic and thoraco-acromial branches of axillary artery
31
Q

What veins drain the breasts?

A

Veins follow the arteries and drain mainly to axillary and internal thoracic veins

32
Q

How is the breast divided?

A

Into 5 areas

  • areola nipple complex (nac)
  • Upper medial
  • Lower medial
  • Upper lateral
  • Lower lateral
33
Q

What lymph nodes do the nac and lateral quadrants of the breast drain into?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

34
Q

What lymph nodes do the upper and lower medial quadrants of the breast drain into

A

Parasternal lymph nodes, they may cross the mid line and metastisise on the other side.

35
Q

What lymph nodes can inferior quadrants occasionally drain into?

A

Inferior phrenic lymph nodes

36
Q

What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?

A

They raise the ribs and prevent indrawing during insiparion

37
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

They prevent indrawing during inspiration and aid elastic recoil by moving ribs inferiorly in expiration

38
Q

What are the muscle fibres of the internal intercostal muscles replaced by posteriorly?

A

The internal intercostal membrane

39
Q

What are the muscle fibres of the external intercostal muscles replaced by anteriorly?

A

The external intercostal membrane.

40
Q

What is the function of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

They act with the internal intercostal muscles but there function is almost negligable. They cover the intercostal neurovascular bundle.

41
Q

Where are the innermost intercostal muscles located

A

Posterior to the intercostal nerves and vessles.

42
Q

Where is the transversus thoracis muscle located?

A
  • Posterior to the sternum

- Internal aspect of ribs and costal cartilages 3 to 6, to sternum, xiphisternum and costal margin.

43
Q

Where is the subcostalis muscle located and what is its function?

A
  • It lies on the posterior wall.

- It lowers the ribs, internal surface, near angle down to inner surface of 2 to 3 ribs below.

44
Q

How do the intercostal vessels and nerves arrange themsleves?

A

Superiorly the vein then artery then the intercostal nerve lies inferiorly at the bottom

45
Q

What is the intervertebral foramen?

A

The space between the pedicle, articular process, vertebral body and IV disc.

46
Q

What can cause spinal (intercostal) nerve compression?

A

Arthritis, fracture and disc prolapse

47
Q

What do the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves become?

A

Intercostal nerves

48
Q

What thoracic nerves form plexuses?

A

T1 and the lateral cutaneous branch of T2

49
Q

What thoracic nerve is reffered to as subcostal?

A

T12

50
Q

What branches off the intercostal nerve before it travels in the costal groove?

A

The lateral cutaneous branch

51
Q

What do the intercostal nerves supply?

A

The intercostal muscles and the skin (plus parietal pleura)

52
Q

What does the intercostal nerve become parasternally?

A

Anterior cutaneous branch

53
Q

What cervical nerves descend over the clavicle as far as the 2nd rib?

A

C3 and C4

54
Q

What is the large lateral cutaneous branch of T2 called?

A

The intercostobrachial nerve

55
Q

What does the intercostobrachial nerve supply?

A

The thorax wall in axilla and the upper and medial part of the upper limb

56
Q

What thoracic nerves supply the skin and muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

T7(8)- T12

57
Q

What nerve is at risk during breast surgery?

A

Intercostobrachial nerve

58
Q

What arteries supply the thoracic wall?

A

Mostly aorta and branches from it. Subclavian artery. Branches of the subclavian artery; vertebral artery (supplies CNS), thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk and the internal thoracic artery.

59
Q

Describe the pathway of the internal thoracic artery?

A
  • It arises from the subclavian artery
  • It is a paired artery with one running along each side of the sternum.
  • It runs deep to the external oblique but superficial to the vagus nerve
  • After passing the 6th intercostal space it becomes the musculophrenic and the superior epigastric artery.
60
Q

What are the names of the parietal branches of the thoracic aorta?

A
  • 3rd -11th posterior intercostal artery + subcostal artery

- Superior phrenic artery

61
Q

What intercostal arteries arise from the descending aorta?

A

3rd - 11th posterior intercostal arteries

62
Q

What does the supreme intercostal artery give off?

A

The 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery

63
Q

How many anterior intercostal arteries are there?

A

10

64
Q

What intercostal arteries are branches of the musculophrenic artery?

A

7 - 10th anterior intercostal artery

65
Q

What do the anterior intercostal veins drain into?

A

The internal thoracic vein then the brachicephalic vein

66
Q

What do the posterior intercostal veins drain into?

A

Either the brachiocephalic vein or the SVC via the azygos system

67
Q

What posterior intercostal vein(s) do not drain via the azygos?

A

The 1st right posterior intercostal vein and the 1-4 left intercostal vein.

68
Q

What does the azygos system drain?

A

The posterior wall of the thorax and part of the posterior abdominal wall

69
Q

Where does the hemiazygos vein cross to the right side

A

T9 (joins azygos)

70
Q

Is the accessory hemiazygos vein superior or inferior to the hemiazygos vein?

A

Superior

71
Q

Where does the accessory hemiazygos vein descend from?

A

The 4th intercostal space

72
Q

What ribs are most commonly fractured?

A

Ribs 3 - 10

73
Q

What lymph nodes drain the thoracic wall anteriorly?

A
  • Parasternal nodes

- Bronchomediastinal trunks

74
Q

What lymph nodes drain the thoracic wall posteriorly

A
  • Intercostal nodes

- Thoracic duct (inferiorly) or the bronchomediastinal trunks superiorly)

Anatomy 3001 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions