8.15_Pathogenesis

Question 1

exfoliative toxins

Answer 1

skin is shed, scalded skin syndrome in staph aureus

Question 2

neurotoxins

Answer 2

tetanus caused by clostridum tetani

Question 3

enterotoxins

Answer 3

target enterocytes in GI, cause bloody diarrhea by E coli

Question 4

Erythrogenic toxins

Answer 4

cause skin to turn red, scarlet fever by streptococcus pyogenes

Question 5

exotoxin structures

Answer 5

AB5,

active site and binding site

Question 6

Encapsulated bacteria

Answer 6

streptococcus pneumoniae
neisseria meningitidis
some E coli

Question 7

encapsulated fungi

Answer 7

cryptococcus neoformas

Question 8

Antigenic variation

Answer 8

changes in antigens within life of bacteria, cyclic fevers, examples are influenza, neisseria gonorrhea, and plasmodium falciprum (malaria)

Question 9

serotype variation

Answer 9

antigen changes occur over much longer periods of time, not within one life span

Question 10

non enveloped viral adherence

Answer 10

use spikes in capsid protein, many serotypes that help determine tissue target

Question 11

enveloped viral adherence

Answer 11

with glycoproteins that are on extracellular membrane, flu and HIV

Question 12

Pathogens that stay outside

Answer 12

e coli, streptococcus pyogenes, staph aureus

Question 13

intracellular pathogens

Answer 13

viruses, mycobacterium TB, listeri monocytogenes

Question 14

pilus diversity

Answer 14

in e coli, different pili types leads to attachments in cells in intestines or other in kidneys

Question 15

5 ways pathogens avoid clearance

Answer 15

polysaccharide coats, attaching to host cells, invding host cells, establishing latency, changing antigenic characteristics