Immunology Lecture 9_Neonatal Immunology & immunosenescence Flashcards
How does IL-7 effect T-cell maturation
IL-7 is a cytokine that sends anti apoptotic signals to immature t-cells. as we age, IL-7 decreasses. This causes t-cells to commite apoptosis
What is “Auto Immune Disease transfer”
It is when the mother transfers auto immune antibodies to the baby. This auto immunity will dimminish as the maternal IgG decreases.
Why are maternal antibodies found in milk not destroyed in a neonate’s gut
neonates have special digestive tracts that have low protyolitic activity. This is part of why babies cannot eat most things.
Describe the “Window of Susceptability”
After birth, an infant’s IgG level begins to reduce as a result of no longer receiving maternal IgG accross the placenta and not yet making much endogenouse IgG. The “window of Susceptability” it the time when total IgG levels are lowest. It typically occures between 2 and 6 months.
Why does a fetus and neonate depend on materal immunity
featal and neonatal periods are times of extreme growth. By utilizing the maternal immune system, the child is able to direct energy and other resources to growth.
What causes age related leukemia?
It is often a result of immature B cells that can’t mature beacuse the bone marrow has become less active
What is Thymic Involution
it is the term used to describe how our thymus shrinks with age.
How does immunity shift as we age?
immunosenescence causes our addaptive immune system to decline and our innate immune system to becomes overactive
Which antibody actually increases with age?
IgA levels increase
How does Maternal IgG move into a neonate?
Maternal IgG binds to fetal FcRn receptors. This helps it to move across the placental membrane through transcytosis.
What are the 8 immunoactive commponents of breast milk?
¡ Antibodies ¡ Lysozyme and Lactoferrin ¡ Bifidus factor ¡ Cytokines ¡ Complement Proteins ¡ Immune Cells ¡ Prebiotics ¡ Microbiome/Probiotics
What happens to the ration of CD4 and CD8 t-cells as we age.
This percentage of CD8 tcells increases and CD4 tcells deacreases.
What is inflamm-aging
it is the aging effects of chronic low grade inflmmation.
