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Physiology (Module 3) > Ch.10 Part A > Flashcards

Ch.10 Part A Flashcards

1
Q

54) Olfaction is linked to what emotionally sensitive part of the brain?

A

54) Lymphatic.

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2
Q

14) Which one of the special senses is different from the others because it senses internal rather than external stimuli

A

14) Equilibrium (semicircular canals and vestibule).

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3
Q

20)The action potential patterns arriving from a sensory

A

20) F.

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4
Q

10)Sensory receptors are found in

A

10) Dermis

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5
Q

27) The diminishment of stimulus by a sensory area, over time, is referred to as;

A

27)Adaption or olfactory fatigue

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6
Q

43) Ruffini corpuscles are responsible for sensing;

A

43)

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7
Q

34) What type of receptor does not show adaptation? Why?

A

34) Nociceptors and proprioception.

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8
Q

2) Complex numeral receptor are usually nerve endings enclosed in what?

A

2) Connective tissue capsules.

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9
Q

52) What are the two structures involved in transmitting olfactory signals above the olfactory epithelium?

A

52) Bulb and tract.

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10
Q

45) What three functional categories of temperature sensors contribute to our sense of heat or cold?

A

45)

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11
Q

67) Pitch is determined by the frequency of the action potentials living the cochlea T/F

A

67) F.

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12
Q

8) Thermoreceptors will continue to send action potential even if there is no change in receptor temp T/F

A

8) F*

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13
Q

24) Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures stimulated during when you put your hand on an extremely hot surface;

A

24)

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14
Q

30) Temperature receptors are complex neural receptors T/F

A

30) F.

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15
Q

5) What type of receptors detect changes in fluid composition in the body

A

5) Chemoreceptors.

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16
Q

26) Cold and warm receptors only give information about changes in skin temperature T/F

A

26) T.

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17
Q

68) Intensity of perceived sound is determined by;

A

68) Frequency of AP.

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18
Q

60) The major function of the tympanum is to;

A

60) Eardrum converts pressure waves into mechanical vibrations.

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19
Q

39) Afferent pathways always move signals toward the;

A

39) Through sensory nerves to cns.

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20
Q

17)which of the following is not a energy source or type of stimulis

A

17)*

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21
Q

64) What are the sensory cells of the inner ear?

A

64) Hair cells.

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22
Q

4) What structure type of receptor has no axon but passes all signals directly to an afferent neuron

A

4) Special senses.

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23
Q

35) A structure that converts a stimulus into an AP is called a;

A

35) Transduction*

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24
Q

66) What four steps happen after stereo cilia in the basilar membrane are pressed against?

A

66)

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25
Q

32) What two senses are most emotionally disturbing and why?

A

32) Smell and itch.

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26
Q

59) The scientific name for the eardrum is the;

A

59)

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27
Q

12)What are the five major special senses

A

12) Vision (eyes), Hearing (ears), Taste (tongue), Smell (olfactory epithelium), Equilibrium (semicircular canals and vestibule).

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28
Q

3) A pacinian corpuscle is an example of what structural type of receptor

A

3) Complex neural*

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29
Q

25) A substance that causes pain to be reduced is called a;

A

25) Analgesic

30
Q

38) Pruritis is more commonly called;

A

38) Itch.

31
Q

51) What structures branch out and receive odorant molecules from incoming air?

A

51)

32
Q

36) What structural type of receptors are composed of neurons with free nerve endings?

A

36) Simple receptors; neurons with free nerve endings.

33
Q

21) What is the benefit of having reflexes, rather than sending all signals to the brain for processing?

A

21) Rapid and reliable response.

34
Q

40) What are the two types of stimuli for the senses based on location?

A

40) Internal and external receptors.

35
Q

61) The major function of the ossicles of the ear are to;

A

61) Transmit vibration, strength, power, allow damping.

36
Q

53) The olfactory tract and bulb contain;

A

53)

37
Q

7) What type of receptors detect physical change in tissue

A

7) Mechanoreceptors.

38
Q

13) If a signal reaches the spinal cord and the motor nerve is immediately stimulated this is normally a reflex action T/F

A

13) T

39
Q

42) The main cause of referred pain is;

A

42) Convergence

40
Q

55) Which of the following is not a taste receptor on the taste buds?

A

55) Sour, sweet, salt, bitter, and umami.

41
Q

23) The mechanism of pruritus is well established and the treatments are usually very effective T/F

A

23) F.

42
Q

57) Sound waves directly stimulated the hair cells and generate action potentials T/F

A

57) F.

43
Q

65) Which of the two membranes of the cochlea that work together to generate action potentials?

A

65) Basilar and sectoral membrane.

44
Q

33) What type of pain is caused in one location but felt in another?

A

33) Referred pain.

45
Q

28) What is the primary cause of referred pain?

A

28) Ischemia, lack of oxygen to internal organs

46
Q

58) Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures involved in the hearing process;

A

58)

47
Q

16) What two structures of the inner ear are responsible for the sense of balance

A

16) semicircular canals and vestibule.

48
Q

70) What are the two types of deafness?

A

70)Conductive and sensorineural or central.

49
Q

6) Oxygen and ph sensors in the brain are examples of what type of receptors

A

6) Chemoreceptors.

50
Q

11) The rods and cones in the eyes are examples of what functional type of receptor

A

11) Photoreceptors

51
Q

62) Mechanical vibrations of the ossicles are converted into fluid waves at the oval window T/F

A

62) T.

52
Q

69) The main function of our pinnae are to direct sound waves into the ear canal T/F

A

69) F.

53
Q

48) What type of analgesic blocks sensations of pain by blocking NT release in the brain?

A

48)

54
Q

50) Olfactory cells are in what functional category?

A

50)

55
Q

29) Olfactory fatigue is an example of a phenomenon known as;

A

29) Adaptation.

56
Q

19) How is the location of a stimulus determined (what part of the body it came from)?

A

19) Location determined by area of brain stimulated by afferent nerve (No special info in APS)

57
Q

47) What are the free nerve ending receptors responsible for sensing pain and itch?

A

47)

58
Q

37) What type of nerve endings are responsible for sensing pain and chemicals in the skin?

A

37) Free nerve ending.

59
Q

15)The CNS is composed of

A

15) Brain or spinal cord.

60
Q

56) What are found on the surface of the tongue?

A

56) Taste buds.

61
Q

31) What are the three structural categories of sensory receptors?

A

31)

62
Q

22) How is the intensity of a stimulus determined?

A

22) Frequency AP.

63
Q

9) What type of receptors detects changes in the temperature

A

9) Thermoreceptors

64
Q

49) What cells convert smells into APs

A

49)

65
Q

44) Light or brief touch is sensed best by the;

A

44)

66
Q

63) What are the two membranes of the cochlea that work together to generate action potentials?

A

63) Basilar and sectoral membrane.

67
Q

46) If you put your hand into ice water, what two receptors would be stimulated?

A

46)

68
Q

18) What pathway has signals moving through sensory nerves to the CNS

A

18) Reflexive path.

69
Q

41) What two receptors in the skin are responsible for sensing deep pressure and vibration?

A

41) Pacinian corpuscles and Merkel receptors.

70
Q

71) How do the two types of deafness compare? What causes each?

A

71) Conductive; failure of tympanum, ossicles, or cochlea to transmit vibrations. Sensorineural or central; inability to convert vibrations into AP, transmit AP to brain, or to interpret signals from cochlea as sound.

Physiology (Module 3) (5 decks)

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