chapter 1 / 12-36 Flashcards
resilence
absorb a disturbance and bounce back to org function/structure
humans influence on resilence
move it into a state that is optimal for us and sustane that state
- remember systems changes are not linear
- the more we optimise, the more the resilence decreses
Key to sustainability is to optimize ______
resilence of the ecosystem
extintion rates
increasing
millennium ecosystem assessment
carried about by the UN to assess the consequences of ecosystem change and establish scientific basis for action
total fertility rate
number of kids 1 women has over lifetime
demographic transition
population structure and growth
-largely based on European experience
(demographics) High equalibrium
high BR, high MR. Little growth
(demographics) High expanding
decline in MR, but increase in BR. Occurs at beginning of industrialization
- still an advantage to have large families (more income)
- people understand science more to alow for less people to die
- decline in DR is also slow, not fast (vaccines and better nutrition, took time man)
(demographics) low expanding
BR decline
-cost of raising kids is high, less kids
(demographics) low equalibrium
Br decline and MR decline. little growth
sharing the wealth?
enough wealth by the upper class that they could help support env services (pollution control) that poor cant control -help countries get wealthy without env degregation
rich and pollution
riches 20% acount for 70% of the pollution
driver for future consumption
increased urbanization (people moving to urban)
planetary carrying capacity
reaching the capasity on a global scale
