BC4 Flashcards
STAIRS
Basic components
All stairs have a step and a riser commonly referred as ____ and ___
rise and run
Stairs with open sides must also include ____ to prevent people and objects from falling onto adjacent spaces
Hand rails
- Use light weight material in techniques
- Known to fail under specific conditions
Prefabricated stairs
- Extend one direction for their entire length
- Landings may be used between Sections of vertical travel
Straight-run stairs
-Have an intermediate landing between floors in reverse direction at that point
-May have more than one landing with the height between floors is greater than normal
This type of their design is common in modern construction
Return stairs
- Two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft
- Are cheaper and more space efficient than two separate their enclosures
- Often use a pair of return stairs for assembly occupancies that have a large floor to ceiling height
Scissor stairs
- Ingress and egress access is at the same corridor
- Standpipes on the same sphere side at each floor
Scissor stairs
Scissor stairs
Building to include the stairs are: (4)
Airport terminals
Convention Center
Malls
Cinema complexes
Often found as grand stairs for convenience stairs serving only TWO levels
Circular stairs
Circular stairs
Minimum width of the RUN is usually ___inches
-Special requirement is the small radius of the full circle is greater than or equal to ____ the ___ part of the stair tread
10
twice, widest
-Series of steps spiraling around a single column to fit in a very small space
Spiral stairs
- Each tread is tapered and connects to the column (balluster) at the tread narrow end
- Primarily used in residential Occupancies
Spiral stairs
Folding stairs
- Actually ladders used to provide access to an attic space that does not have a ____ access stair
- Commonly found in ____
- Often located away from the building usual Functional spaces
- Usually has three sections:
- The main that ____ from the frame
- And two ____ sections
permanent
Residences
hinges
Articulating
Some buildings may use fixed Ladders(Ship ladders) in similar applications to provide access to areas including:
-___ ____
___ ___ At the top of stairways
-Between roof levels with portions at ___ ___
(May have weight limitations)
- mechanical spaces
- roof hatches
- different evelations
Stairs as part of means of egress
Exit stairs, as a component of the required means of egress, must meet strict requirements:
-___ ___ rating of the enclosure
-____ when exterior stairs are utilized
-Features to ensure safety during both Nonemergency and emergency use
fire resistance
seperation
Something to stairs provide egress but not access that is that they do not allow building reentry onto any floor except the ___ ___ floor for security reasons
-Commonly found in ___ or other multi story buildings
ground floor
hotels
Protected stairs
Must resist the effects of the ____ ___ ____
Measures indicating in building codes to protect stair
Uses either ___ or ___ smoke control
Typically located on the ___ perimeter of the building and are entered through _____ ___ or open exterior Balconies
Products of combustion
Active or passive
Exterior
ventilated vestibule
Active smoke proof enclosures
Stairwells may be designed to ___ when the fire alarm system is activated
A dedicated ____ ____ ____ system Will generate enough pressure to keep smoke out of stair enclosure even when a door is open to the fire floor
In high rise structures Codes require dedicated Pressurize stairways Designed solely to provide firefighters a safe route to access an attack fire
Pressurized
mechanical air handling
Passive smoke proof enclosures
- Protect the stairway enclosure and provide a means of ___ ___ before the smoke enters the stair enclosure
- These enclosures are accessed through a ____ or an ___ ___
smoke ventilation
vestibule
Exterior balcony
- are not enclosed with fire rated construction
- May provide a path for products of combustion to spread, and will not protect anyone from those hazards
Opens stairs
Building codes typically allow the use of open stairs and buildings only when they connect no more than ___ ___ floors above ___ level
two adjacent
basement
Mechanical conveyor systems
-a Conveyor system is used to transport ____ and _____
Conveyor systems often penetrate fire barriers and are protected by features such as: (3)
- ____ ___
______
____ ____ _____ fire suppression systems
items materials
- Fire doors
- Shutters
- Water spray fixed
_____ ______ or ____ ____ is a primary safety hazard at a conveyor penetration during a fire
-Safeguards against incomplete closure include:
-Automatic ___ ___
-____ in the conveyor
Multiple layers of ____ or ____
Incomplete door or shutter closure
- Stop controls
- break
- doors or shutter
Moving stairs
- Escalators are a Conveyor transport device aligned as a stairway with electrically powered steps that move continuously in one direction
- The driving machinery is located under an ____ ___ at the ____ _____
- Escalator Speeds are standardized at ___ per min
- Each step rides on the track
- The steps are linked by __ ___ and move around and escalator frame
- Continuous handrails also move at the same speed as steps
access plane
upper landing
-100
step chain
Moving stairs
Emergency stop which will stop the escalator and set break–Location of emergency stops switch may vary by manufacturer or other factors
Vertical penetrations for escalators Serving more than ____ floors must be protected
The most common protection for the vertical opening is to use closely spaced sprinklers and ___ ___ around opening
-A ___ ___ at The top of the escalator can also provide protection
two
draft stops
roller shutter
Moving walkways
Moving walkways are similar to escalators but Are only used to people horizontally or up slight incline
Often found in ___
Typically they use ___ ___ attached to a continuous ___ equipped with moving handrails
Airports
metal plates
pathway
Elevators
Elevators are complex mechanical building systems with the following features:
-Serves ____ or ____ levels or landings
-Includes ____ and ____ mechanisms
-Provide access to ___ or ____ _____ stories
-Use a ______ that moves along guide rails
two or more
hoisting and lowering
above or below grade
platform
Emergency use of elevators
May be used during emergency response
-Before such use, Firefighters should recall the elevator to the lobby and open the door from the ____ ___ ___ the recalled elevator to check the shaft for smoke infiltration
floor level above
Types of elevators
Passenger elevator carry ___
Freight elevators carry ___ that may be __ or ___
Service elevators are ___ __ designed to also carry freight
people
resources
bulky or heavy
Passenger elevator
The two most common types of power used in elevators are:
- Hydraulic
- Electric
Hydraulic elevator
- Operate via ___ Forced, under pressure, into a ___ containing a piston or a ram
- ___ in ____ raises the RAM in the upward
- ___ the fluid allows the car to lower through __
- Do not have __
- Controlled through ___ ___
Fluid. Cylinder pumping fluid Draining gravity Breaks Hydraulic fluid
Electric elevators
Uses a ___ cable and a ___
FOUR common STYLES of Elevators are:
hoisting drum Drum elevators Traction elevators Machine room-less elevators (MRL) Dumb waiters
Electric elevators
-Intended for passenger use only (3)
Traction elevators
Drum elevators
Machine room -less elevators
Electric elevators
-Intended for cargo use
Dumb waiters
