8. Consequences of deficiency and excess in calcium Flashcards
Give the normal Ca2+ concentration in the blood
5mmol/l
Give the boundary for Ca2+ deficiency
Total Ca2+ < 2.0mmol/l
Calcium deficiency can occur in which forms?
- Primary form
- Secondary form
Primary form of calcium deficiency
Rare
The secondary form of calcium deficiency - causes
- ↓ PTH & Vit D levels
- Antifreezing compound toxicosis
Give the consequences of calcium deficiency
- Hypocalcaemia
- Tetany
- Milk fever
- Eclampsy
- Osteopathy
- A drop in egg production
Hypocalcaemia as a consequence of calcium deficiency
Rare
Tetany as a consequence of calcium deficiency
- Ionised Ca2+ < 1.0mmol/l
- Compensated by reducing minerals in bones
- Osteomalacia/rickets
What can lead to a case of tetany?
- Absolute or relative hypofunction of the parathyroid gland
- Renal failure → Hyperphosphataemia → tetany
Milk fever as a consequence of calcium deficiency
- Parturient pariesis*
- ↑ Neuromuscular irritability
Eclampsy as a consequence of calcium deficiency
- Dog milk fever*
- Neuromuscular irritability ↓
Drop in egg production as a consequence of calcium deficiency
Long term consequences
List the types of excess calcium in the body
- Primary excess
- Secondary excess
Primary excess as a cause of excess calcium in the body
Through Ca2+ overdose
Secondary excess as a cause of excess calcium in the body
Rare
