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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

absorption

A

materials pass through walls of small intestine into bloodstream

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2
Q

amino acids

A

small building blocks of protein (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

amylase

A

enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

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4
Q

anus

A

end of the digestive tract to the outside of body

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5
Q

appendix

A

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (large intestine)

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6
Q

bile

A

digestive juice made in liver and stored in gallbladder, breaks up large fate globules

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7
Q

bilirubin

A

pigment released by the liver in the bile

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8
Q

bowel

A

intestine

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9
Q

canine teeth

A

pointed, dog like teeth next to incisors

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10
Q

cecum

A

first part of large intestine

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11
Q

colon

A

portion of large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

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12
Q

common bile duct

A

carries bile from liver to gallbladder in the duodenum

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13
Q

defecation

A

elimination of feces from digestive tract though anus

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14
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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15
Q

dentin

A

primary material in teeth, covered by enamel and cementum

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16
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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17
Q

duodenum

A

first part of small intestine, 12 inches long

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18
Q

elimination

A

removal of materials from the body

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19
Q

emulsification

A

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

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20
Q

enamel

A

hard, outer layer of teeth

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21
Q

enzyme

A

chemical that speeds up reaction between substances, break down complex foods

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22
Q

esophagus

A

tube connecting throat to stomach

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23
Q

fatty acids

A

substance produces when fats are digested, category of lipids

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24
Q

feces

A

solid waste, stool

25
Q

gallbladder

A

small sac under liver, stores bile

26
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar

27
Q

glycogen

A

starch, glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

28
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

substance produces in stomach, necessary for digestion of food

29
Q

ileum

A

third part of small intestine

30
Q

incisor

A

four front teeth

31
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by endocrine cells in pancreas, transports sugar from blood to cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

32
Q

jejunum

A

second part of small intestines

33
Q

lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme to digest fats

34
Q

liver

A

large organ that secretes bile, stores sugar iron, vitamins, produces blood proteins, destroys worn out red blood cells, filters out toxins, weighs 2.5-3lb

35
Q

lower esophageal schincter

A

ring of muscles between esophagus and stomach

36
Q

mastication

A

chewing

37
Q

molar teeth

A

6th, 7th and 8th teeth from the middle

38
Q

palate

A

roof of mouth, hard is close to teeth and soft is between mouth and throat

39
Q

pancreas

A

organ behind stomach, produces insulin and enzymes

40
Q

papillae

A

small projections on tongue

41
Q

parotid gland

A

salivary gland within cheek, close to ear

42
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmic contractions of tubular organs, moves contents through

43
Q

pharinx

A

throat, passageway for food through the mouth and air through the nose

44
Q

portal vein

A

large vein bringing blood to liver from intestines

45
Q

protease

A

enzyme that digests protein

46
Q

pulp

A

soft tissue within tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

47
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring of muscle at end of stomach, near duodenum, normally closed but opens when peristalsis passes over

48
Q

pylorus

A

distal region of stomach, opening to duodenum

49
Q

rectum

A

large section of large intestine, connecting to end of colon and anus

50
Q

rugae

A

ridges on hard palate and the walls of stomach

51
Q

saliva

A

digestive juice produced by salivary glands, contains enzyme amylase, which begins digestion of starch to sugar

52
Q

salvary glands

A

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

53
Q

sigmoid colon

A

fourth and final, s shaped segment of colon, just before rectum

54
Q

sphincter

A

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

55
Q

stomach

A

muscular organ that receives food from esophagus, fundus, body and antrum

56
Q

triglycerides

A

fat molecules composed of 2 parts fatty acids and one part glycerol, subgroup of lipids

57
Q

uvula

A

soft tissue hanging from middle of soft palate

58
Q

villi

A

microscopic projections in wall of small intestine that absorb nutrients into bloodstream

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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