8.2 and 8.3 Glossary

Question 1

Chemiosmosis

Answer 1

The coupling of electron transport to atp synthesis

Question 2

Electron tomography

Answer 2

Method used to generate a 3D image of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 3

ETC

Answer 3

Group of proteins that accept and donate electrons in a series

Question 4

Glycolysis

Answer 4

Metabolic pathway that breaks down sugar (glucose) into pyruvate in the cytoplasm

Question 5

Link reaction

Answer 5

‘Oxidative decarboxylation’ reaction that occurs in the matrix of mitochondria, converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Occurs between Krebs and glycolysis

Question 6

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 6

final part of aerobic respiration; ADP is phosphorylated to produce ATP, using energy from the oxidation of acetyl groups in the krebs cycle

Question 7

Cristae

Answer 7

Invaginations in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 8

Hydrogen carrier

Answer 8

substances that accept and donate electrons as and when necessary, often linking oxidation and reduction reactions in cells.

Question 9

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 9

When a molecule such as glucose in phosphorylated by ATP. The energy comes from ATP rather than oxidation of hydrogen carriers

Question 10

Calvin cycle

Answer 10

The use of ATP and reduced NADP in the stroma to regenerate RuBP and produce carbohydrates in the light independent reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 11

Photoactivation

Answer 11

The production of energetic electrons in the reaction centres of photosystems (chlorophyll) through the absorption of light

Question 12

Photophosphorylation

Answer 12

Production of ATP using energy from sunlight

Question 13

PSI

Answer 13

Type of photosystem that can use excited electrons to reduce NADP+

Question 14

PSII

Answer 14

First photosystem in the light independent reactions - uses electrons from photolysis and produces ATP

Question 15

Carbon fixation

Answer 15

incorporation of inorganic CO2 into an organic molecule

Question 16

Stroma

Answer 16

Chemical medium between the inner chloroplast membrane and the thylakoid membrane

Question 17

Photosystems

Answer 17

integral light-harvesting array of chlorophyll and accessory pigments used in light dependent reactions located in thylakoid membranes

Question 18

Cell repsiration

Answer 18

Controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP

Question 19

ATP

Answer 19

Nucleotide that releases energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolysed. This is the form in which energy is released in the respiration process and stored in a reusable form

Question 20

Metabolic pathways

Answer 20

A series of enzymatic reactions that converts one biological matter into another

Question 21

Oxygen debt

Answer 21

The demand of oxygen that builds up during a period of anaerobic respiration

Question 22

Respirometer measurements measured in

Answer 22

mm/sec

Question 23

Chromatography

Answer 23

Method of separating an identifying the contents of a complex mixture by differential movement through a two phase system

Question 24

Absorption spectrum

Answer 24

Range of wavelengths a pigment is able to absorb

Question 25

Limiting factors

Answer 25

An environmental factor, like CO2 conc that controls the process of photosynthesis.

Question 26

Action spectrum

Answer 26

Range of wavelengths of light in which photosynthesis occurs

Question 27

Photosynthesis

Answer 27

The production of carbon compounds in cells using light energy

Question 28

TLC strips

Answer 28

thin layer chromatography using a plastic strip, coated with a thin layer of porous material

Question 29

Rf value

Answer 29

Retardation factor value - calculated to determine the identity of a material