8.2 Gene expression is controlled by a number of features Flashcards
(8 cards)
What is a transcription factor?
A protein that controls the transcription of genes by binding to a specific region of DNA (promotor region)
Transcription factors play a crucial role in gene regulation.
What is the Promoter region
A section of DNA upstream of the coding region that is the binding site for proteins that control the expression of the gene, including:
RNA polymerase
Transcription factors
This highlights the significance of transcription factors in gene regulation.
In what direction is DNA translated and transcribed?
3’ to 5’ translation, 5’ to 3’ transcription
This is essential for proper cellular function and organism development.
Give an Overview of how transcription factors work
Transcription factors are proteins that enter the nucleus from the cytoplasm through nuclear pores
Transcription factors are activated through a signalling pathway that usually starts from outside the cell
Some transcription factors bind to the promoter region of a gene
This binding can either allow or prevent the transcription of the gene from taking place
Transcription factors interact with RNA polymerase, either by assisting RNA polymerase binding to the gene (to stimulate expression of the gene) or by preventing it from binding (to inhibit gene expression)
This adaptability is vital for survival.
Oestrogen is a steroid Hormone. what does that mean?
Steroid hormones are small, hydrophobic, lipid-based hormones that can diffuse through the cell membrane and can pass directly into the nucleus through nuclear pores
There are several types of transcription factors with varying effects.
Eukaryotes utilize transcription factors extensively in their genetic regulation.
Scientists are actively working to understand the functions of different transcription factors.
This indicates a mechanism through which hormones can regulate gene expression.
