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LA Sx Exam 1 > Diagnosing Lameness > Flashcards

Diagnosing Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

An alteration of the normal gait pattern caused by a functional or structural disorder in the locomotor system

A

Lameness

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2
Q

What abnormality causes lameness?

A

Pain

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3
Q

What are the 7 classic steps of a lameness exam?

A

History, PE, palpation, observation @ exercise, flexion tests, nerve blocks, DI

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4
Q

What is the primary goal of a lameness exam?

A

Localization and diagnosis

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5
Q

What can cause asymmetry?

A

Nerve damage, muscle atrophy/wasting

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6
Q

Depending on what the horse does for a living, what % of lameness problems occur in the foot?

A

80%

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7
Q

What gait is the lameness graded from?

A

Trot

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8
Q

What is the best surface for evaluation?

A

Firm and even

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9
Q

What kind of suface can help dx neuro disease?

A

Soft sand, hills/incline

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10
Q

Is it easier to ID lameness in the forelimb or hindlimb?

A

Forelimb

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11
Q

When the painful limb hist the ground, what direction does the head go?

A

Up

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12
Q

What point do you watch on the hindlimb to dx lameness?

A

Point of the hips

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13
Q

You will see ______ gluteal excursion in the lame limb

A

Increased

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14
Q

If the hindlimb lameness is 3/5 or above, the horse will appear to have what other lameness?

A

Ipsilateral forelimb

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15
Q

Pressure point is smaller and has shorter handles for easier handling

A

Adjustable hoof testers

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16
Q

Where do you use hoof testers?

A

Wall, sole, frog, heels, coronary band

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17
Q

Difficult to observe, inconsistent lameness

A

Grade 1

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18
Q

Lameness may only be evident when the horse is asked to work

A

Grade 1

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19
Q

Lameness difficult to observe in a straight line but consistently apparent under certain circumstances (circling, hard surface, incline)

A

Grade 2

20
Q

Lameness is consistently observable at a trot under all circumstances

A

Grade 3

21
Q

Obvious lameness w/marked head not, hitching, shortened stride

A

Grade 4

22
Q

Minimal weight bearing/non-weight bearing and inability to move

A

Grade 5

23
Q

Lameness seen with fractures and foot abscesses

A

Grade 5

24
Q

What 5 pathognomonic lamenesses are diagnosed at the walk?

A

Peroneus tertius rupture, locking patella, stringhalt, fibrotic myopathy, sweeny

25
Q

How does locking patella happen?

A

Weak quads can’t unlock stay apparatus

26
Q

How does the peroneus tertius work as part of the stay apparatus?

A

When the hock flexes, the stifle flexes

27
Q

Hock extended w/flexed stifle, dimple on the back of the limb w/acute rupture

A

Peroneus tertius rupture

28
Q

Why do you not want to give NSAIDs post-op locking patella surgery?

A

Encourage inflammatory response at site to strengthen the ligament

29
Q

Foot slapping sound when affected food hits ground

A

Fibrotic myopathy

30
Q

Thickening in semimembranosus/tendinosis muscles from trauma to the mm belly

A

Fibrotic myopathy

31
Q

Depending on the extent of the injury, a lot of these horses can go back to work but they will likely never have a normal gait again

A

Fibrotic myopathy

32
Q

Rapid muscle atrophy seen in shoulder of distance exam

A

Sweeny

33
Q

What nerve is damaged to result in sweeny?

A

Suprascapular nerve injury

34
Q

How is the suprascapular nerve injured?

A

Pressure against or trauma to the nerve

35
Q

Hyperflexion of the hind limbs (hock)

A

Stringhalt

36
Q

What two gait abnormalites could be confused for each other?

A

Stringhalt and intermittent patella locking

37
Q

When do you do flexion tests?

A

After palpation, observation at exercise, and hoof testers

38
Q

Trot off in a straight line immediately after flexion

A

Flexion tests

39
Q

What is a positive flexion test?

A

Worse lameness

40
Q

How do you do a flexion test for the distal forelimb?

A

30 sec flex

41
Q

How do you do a flexion test for the proximal forelimb?

A

60 sec flex of elbow, shoulder, carpus

42
Q

What demographic may show a false positive distal forelimb flexion test?

A

Normal young horse

43
Q

Flexion test for proximal hindlimb

A

Spavin test

44
Q

Is the spavin test hock specific?

A

No

45
Q

How do you do a spavin test?

A

90 sec flex hock, stifle, hip

46
Q

How do you use local anesthesia to localize a lameness?

A

Begin distally and work proximally

LA Sx Exam 1 (17 decks)

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