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Urology > Testicular cancer > Flashcards

Testicular cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What age is testicular cancer most common?

A

20-40years

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2
Q

What kind of tumour are testicular tumours usually?

A

germ cell tumours, which are seminomas or non-seminomas

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?

A

Cryptochidism (undescended testis) 4-10x higher risk of GCTs, previous testicular malignancy, a positive family history and kleinfelters syndrome

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4
Q

What are the clinical features of testicular cancer?

A

Unilateral, painless testicular lump, irregular, firm, fixes and does not transilluminate, if metastasis- weightless, back pain due to retroperitoneal metastases or dyspnoea

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5
Q

Will there be ly,phadenopathy with testicular cancer?

A

Drain to para-aortic so may not be present

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6
Q

What are the differentials for testicular cancer?

A

Epididymal cyst, haematoma, epididymitis or hydrocoele

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7
Q

What are the investigations for testicular cancer?

A

Tumour markers e.g. BHCG if NSGCTs and AFP, LDH for tumour volume

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8
Q

What imaging would you do for testicular cancer?

A

scrotal ultrasound then a CT with contrast, then a trans-scrotal percutaneous biopsy

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9
Q

What is testicular cancer stage I?

A

Disease is confined to the testis

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10
Q

What is testicular cancer stage II?

A

infra-diaphragmatic lymph node involvement

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11
Q

What is testicular cancer stage III?

A

Supra and infra- diaphragmatic lymph node involvement

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12
Q

What is testicular cancer stage IV?

A

Extralymphatic metastatic spread

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13
Q

What is the management for testicular cancer?

A

MDT, Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy

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14
Q

What surgery would occur for testicular cancer?

A

inguinal radical orchidectomy

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15
Q

What needs to be done before testicular cancer treatment?

A

pre-treatment fertility assessment with a semen analysis and cyropreservation offered

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16
Q

What is a NSGCT?

A

Non-seminomatous germ cell tumour e.g. yolk sac, choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma

17
Q

What have a worse prognosis NSGCT or SGCT?

A

NSGCT as metastasise early

18
Q

What are the complications of treatment for testicular cancer?

A

radiotherapy and chemotherapy give the risks of secondary malignancy such a leukaemia

19
Q

What is the prognosis like for testicular cancer?

A

high rate of complete remission

Urology (23 decks)

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