Lecture 23 Metabolism - Digestion of food molecules

Question 1

What are the main macronutrients that contributes to energy production in the body?

Answer 1

Carbs
Protein
Nucleic acids
Fat

Question 2

whats the products of digestion carbs?

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 3

whats the products of digestion proteins?

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

whats the products of digestion Nucleic acids?

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

whats the products of digestion fat?

Answer 5

FFA, MAG, cholesterol

Question 6

Macronutrients are consumed in the diet and pass through what?

Answer 6

GI tract

Question 7

what do saliva of salivary glands contain and do?

Answer 7

Neutral pH

mucous and amylase which starts the digestion of carbohydrates

Question 8

what occurs in the stomach?

Answer 8

Storage and mixing of food with gastric juices, slowly releases chyme into intestine

Question 9

what does the stomach secrete and what does the secretion do?

Answer 9

Acid (0.1 M HCl) = denaturing
Pepsinogen -> pepsin = protein digestion
Mucous layer = Protection

Question 10

whats the pH in the pancreas?

Answer 10

slightly alkaline pH = 7

Question 11

what does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 11

digestive enzymes including amylase, lipase and several proteases

Question 12

whats the role of the liver?

Answer 12

synthesis of bile salts/acids (stored in gall bladder) important for fat digestion

Question 13

what occurs in the SI?

Answer 13

final phase of digestion and absorption

Question 14

whats the 2 phases of digestion?

Answer 14

Hydrolysis of bonds connecting monomer units in food macromolecules

Absorption of products from gastrointestinal tract into body

Question 15

Hydrolysis of bonds connecting monomer units in food macromolecules

carbohydrate:
Proteins:
Fat:

Answer 15

Glycosidic bonds - starch -> disaccharides

Peptide bonds

Triacylglycerol ester bonds

Question 16

what does Digestion of dietary carbohydrates provide?

Answer 16

40-50% of energy intake

Question 17

whats the Digestion of dietary carbohydrates?

Answer 17

Starch (ie. α-amylose, amylopectin)

Simple sugars ie. sucrose, lactose, fructose, glucose

Fibre – cellulose (undigestible)

Question 18

whats Amylopectin?

Answer 18

main component of plant starch

Polymers of up to 1 million glucose units

Question 19

wheres maltose found?

Answer 19

in honey