16. Foot (No OIAN)

Question 1

What can cause a calcaneal bone spur?

Answer 1

The arch of the foot sags and the calcaneus slides in a bursa that is just underneath the Plantar Aponeurosis. This can cause inflammation of that bursa, which can then lead to overgrowth of bone and a bone spur

Question 2

What nerve innervates the two muscles on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 2

The lateral branch of the deep fibular nerve

Question 3

What are the two main nerves of the sole of the foot?

Answer 3

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 4

What does the medial plantar artery do?

Answer 4

Gives rise to two Plantar Metatarsal and Plantar Digital Arteries

Question 5

What are the four places weight is transferred on the foot during walking?

Answer 5

Calcaneus

Tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal

Head of the first metatarsal

Distal phalanx of the great toe

Question 6

Which branch of the lateral plantar nerve is involved in cutaneous (sensory) innervation, and which branch is involved in motor innervation?

Answer 6

The superficial branch does the cutaneous innervation

The deep branch does muscular (motor) innervation

Question 7

What are the branches of dorsalis pedis?

Answer 7

Lateral tarsal artery

Arcuate artery

Deep plantar artery

Question 8

What is the action of the extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 8

Extends digits 2, 3, and 4 in the foot

Does not extend digiti minimi

Question 9

Where is the ideal site of amputation of the foot, allowing the patient to still heel strike, and not lose the height of the limb?

Answer 9

The transverse tarsometatarsal joint

Question 10

What unique feature can be found in the medial and lateral head of the flexor hallucis brevis?

Answer 10

Sesamoid bones that create a protective tunnel for the flexor hallucis longus tendon

Question 11

The flexor digitorum longus tendon runs through a split in the insertion of what muscle’s tendon?

Answer 11

Flexor digitorum brevis

Question 12

What is hammer toe?

Answer 12

Hyperextension of the Proximal Phalanx at the Metatarsophalangeal Joint, with plantarflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint, and extension of the distal interphalangeal joint

Question 13

What can happen to cause Hallux Valgus?

Answer 13

If you displace the Great Toe too far laterally, the Tendon of the Flexor Hallucis Longus can slip out of the groove created by the sesamoid bones of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis, causing the Great Toe to stay laterally displaced.

Question 14

What nerve runs with dorsalis pedis?

Answer 14

Medial branch of the deep fibular nerve

Question 15

What muscle integrates with the oblique head of the adductor hallucis?

Answer 15

Lateral head of flexor hallucis brevis

Question 16

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 16

The Plantar Aponeurosis has five slips which run concurrently with the tendinous sheaths of the foot and helps them slide fluidly

The Plantar Aponeurosis is also a critically important passive support for the arches of the foot

Question 17

What muscle of the foot does not have an analogue in the hand?

Answer 17

Quadratus plantae

Question 18

What is the primary artery to the plantar foot?

Answer 18

Posterior tibial artery

Question 19

Which arch of the foot comes in closest contact with the ground?

Answer 19

The lateral arch

Question 20

What does the arcuate artery do?

Answer 20

Gives rise to the 2nd through 5th metatarsal arteries

Question 21

What nerve does the lateral tarsal artery run with?

Answer 21

Lateral branch of the deep fibular nerve

Question 22

What part of the skin of the foot is innervated by the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve?

Answer 22

The skin around and including the fifth digit of the foot

Question 23

What does the deep plantar artery do?

Answer 23

Joins the lateral plantar artery to form the plantar arterial arch

Gives rise to the first metatarsal artery

Question 24

What is a corn of the foot?

Answer 24

Inflamed calluses on the medial aspect of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint.

Question 25

How many DABs and PADs in the foot?

Answer 25

4 Dabs

3 Pads

Question 26

What gives rise to the medial and lateral plantar nerves?

Answer 26

Tibial nerve

Question 27

What is a bunion?

Answer 27

Inflammation of a bursa just over the medial aspect of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint.

Question 28

What four muscles are innervated by the Medial Plantar Nerve?

Answer 28

Flexor digitorum brevis

Flexor hallucis brevis

Abductor hallucis

Medial one lumbrical

Question 29

What part of the skin of the foot is innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

Answer 29

Plantar foot except the fifth digit

Question 30

What are the main branches of the posterior tibial artery in the plantar aspect of the foot?

Where does it split?

Answer 30

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

Deep to abductor hallucis on the medial foot

(after Tom Dick AN Harry)

Question 31

What is the primary artery to the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 31

The anterior tibial artery

Question 32

What is claw toe?

Answer 32

Hyperextension of the Metatarsophalangeal joint as in Hammer Toe, but with flexion of both Interphalangeal Joints

Question 33

What are the two muscles on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 33

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Question 34

What is mallet toe?

Answer 34

Flexion at the Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Question 35

Where does the anterior tibial artery become dorsalis pedis?

Answer 35

When the lateral malleolar artery splits off

Question 36

What does the lateral plantar artery do?

Answer 36

Gives rise to the 3rd through 6th Plantar Metatarsal and Plantar Digital Arteries

Terminates in an anastomosis with the deep plantar artery from the dorsalis pedis forming the plantar arterial arch