lecture 2

Question 1

exceptions to the octet rule:

Answer 1

1. elements of the third row and larger
   they have more than 4 valence orbitals, can hold more than 8 electrons
2. electron deficient molecules
   have an empty valence orbital, can hold less than 8 electrons

Question 2

what are the limitations of VSEPR theory?

Answer 2

it is useful in predicting molecular geometry, but it does not explain how such geometries are obtained from the overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 3

what is sp3 hybrid atomic orbitals?

Answer 3

mixing of s-orbital with all three p-orbitals (tetrahedral hybrid orbitals)

Question 4

what is sp2 hybrid atomic orbitals?

Answer 4

mixing s-orbital with only two p-orbitals, one p-orbital unchanged (trigonal planar hybrid orbitals)

Question 5

what is sp hybrid atomic orbitals?

Answer 5

mixing s-orbital with only one p-orbital, two p-orbitals unchanged (linear hybrid orbitals)