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Reproduction > Repro Anatomy > Flashcards

Repro Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the superior pelvic aperture?

A

Sacral promontory, ala of the sacrum, acruate line of the ilium, pecten pubis, pubic tubercle, pubic crest and pubic symphysis

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2
Q

What makes up the inferior pelvic aperture?

A

Inf. margin of pubis symphysis, inferior rami of pubis, sacrotuberous ligaments, tip of the coccyx

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3
Q

What makes up the true pelvis?

A

pubic symphysis, sacrum, coccyx, superior rami of pubis and ischium

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4
Q

What makes up the false pelvis?

A

Ilium and ala of sacrum

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5
Q

Compare the greater pelvis of a male and female?

A

F - Shallow

M - Deep

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6
Q

Compare the lesser pelvis of a male and female?

A

F - Shallow and Wide

M - Deep and Narrow

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7
Q

Compare the pelvic inlet of a female and male?

A

F - oval shaped

M - heart shaped

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8
Q

Compare the pelvic outlet of a male and female?

A

F- larger

M - smaller

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9
Q

Compare the subpubic angle of a male and female?

A 
F = >90 degrees
M = <90 degrees
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10
Q

Compare the obturator foramen of a male and female?

A

F - Oval

M - Round

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11
Q

Compare the acetabulum of a male and female?

A

F - Small

M - Large

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12
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

a synovial plane joint

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13
Q

What type of joint is the pubis symphysis?

A

secondary cartilaginous

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14
Q

What makes up the antero-inferior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

bodies and rami of pubic bones and the pubic symphysis

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15
Q

Which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall?

A

the obturator internus

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16
Q

Which muscle occupies the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

piriformus

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17
Q

Where does the sacral plexus lie ?

A

the posterior wall of the pelvis

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18
Q

What two muscles make up the main parts of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani and the coccygeus

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19
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

support of abdominopelvic viscera
resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressure
urinary and fecal continence

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20
Q

what is the innervation of the pelvic floor?

A

s2,3,4

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21
Q

Which 5 veins drain the pelvis?

A

internal iliac, superior rectal, median sacral, gonadal and internal vertebral v. plexus

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22
Q

Which part of rectum drains into the portal circulation?

A

Sup, rectal veins

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23
Q

Which parts of rectum drains into the systemic circulation?

A

middle and inferior rectal veins

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24
Q

which venous plexus does the prostatic plexus come into contact with?

A

The vertebral venous plexus

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25
Q

Where does the ilioinguinal nerve originate from?

A

l1

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26
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve originate from ?

A

l1-l2

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27
Q

Where does the ilioinguinal nerve enter the inguinal ring?

A

the superficial inguinal ring

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28
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve enter the inguinal ring ?

A

the deep inguinal ring

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29
Q

What structures in the male are supplied by the genital branch of the genito-femoral nerve?

A

cremaster muscles and anterior scrotal skin

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30
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve arise from?

A

the sacral plexus

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31
Q

What bony landmark is used to perform a pudendal nerve block?

A

Ischial spines

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32
Q

What do the external iliac lymph nodes drain?

A

Superior parts of pelvic organs

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33
Q

What do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain?

A

gluteal region, deep perineum, inferior pelvic viscera

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34
Q

What do the sacral lymph nodes drain?

A

postero-inferior pelvic viscera

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35
Q

What do the common iliac lymph nodes drain?

A

Drain the sacral, external and internal iliac lymph nodes

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36
Q

What makes up the male internal reproductive organs?

A

The testis, vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate, epididymis, bulbourethral glands

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37
Q

What makes up the spermatic cord?

A

Arteries, nerves, venous plexus and the spermatic cord

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38
Q

What is the tough outer fibrous layer of the testis?

A

Tunica albiginea

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39
Q

What is the peritoneal sac that covers the testes known as?

A

The tunica vaginalis

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40
Q

At what vertebral level do testicular arteries arise from the abdominal aorta?

A

l2

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41
Q

What is the name of the 8-12 anastamosing veins associated with the testis?

A

the pampiniform plexus

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42
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

A

Temperature regulation in the testes

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43
Q

Where does the right testicular vein drain into?

A

The IVC

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44
Q

Where does the left testicular vein drain into?

A

The left renal vein

45
Q

Which two lymph node groups receive lymph from the testis?

A

Lumbar and para-aortic lymph nodes

46
Q

What is the Vas Deferens?

A

A muscular tube which arises from the tail of the epididymis, transverses the inguinal canal and enters the penis by crossing the over external iliac vessels

47
Q

Where does the Vas Deferens terminate?

A

The seminal gland from the ejaculatory duct

48
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

A

Posterior surface of the bladder

49
Q

What secretions are produced by seminal vesicles?

A

Fibrinogen, alkaline fluid, prostaglandins, clotting factors, fructose

50
Q

Describe the location of the prostate gland?

A

The inferior part of the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra

51
Q

What secretions are produced by the prostate?

A

Zinc, PSA, Proteolytic Enzymes

52
Q

What are cowpers gland?

A

small structures located in the urogenital diaphragm which empty into the spongy urethra

53
Q

What do cowpers glands secrete?

A

Mucous containing glycoproteins

54
Q

What lymph vessels drain the prostate?

A

Internal iliac and sacral nodes

55
Q

What lymph vessels drain the seminal vesicles?

A

Internal and external iliac nodes

56
Q

What lymph vessels drain the scrotum?

A

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes

57
Q

What lymph vessels drain the penis?

A

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes

58
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

59
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus?

A

Anteflexed and anteverted

60
Q

What are the fornices of the vagina?

A

Superior portions of the vagina which extend into recesses of cervix

61
Q

Through which fornix can you access the retrouterine pouch?

A

posterior fornix

62
Q

What ligaments attach the uterus and cervix to the pelvis?

A

Ligament of ovary
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Round ligament of uterus
Broad ligament

63
Q

What is the cardinal ligament of the uterus?

A

Lateral cervical ligament

64
Q

Name the 4 parts of the uterine tubes?

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Fimbrae
Intramural part

65
Q

What part of the uterine tube is the longest and widest?

A

Ampulla

66
Q

Which part of the uterine tube does fertilisation occur?

A

Ampulla

67
Q

What ligaments join the uterus to the ovary?

A

Ovarian ligament

68
Q

What ligaments join the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Suspensory ligament

69
Q

At what vertebral level do the gonadal arteries originate?

A

L2

70
Q

Describe the location of the ovarian artery?

A

Ovarian artery descends within the suspensory ligament to supply the ovaries via the broad ligament

71
Q

Where do the left and right gonadal veins drain?

A

Left - Left renal vein

Right - IVC

72
Q

Where does the uterine artery travel?

A

It crosses over the ureter at the level of the ischial spine at the junction of the cervix and lateral part of fornix of vagina

73
Q

Lymph from the labia and the distal part of the vagina drain into which lymph nodes?

A

Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes

74
Q

Which group of lymph nodes recieves lymph from the ovary?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

75
Q

What drains the fundus and the upper uterine body?

A

Pre-aortic group of lymph nodes

76
Q

What drains the rest of the uterine body?

A

Lumbar lymph nodes

77
Q

What drains the uterine cervix and upper vagina?

A

The internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

78
Q

What drains the lower vagina?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

79
Q

How many lobules does each breast contain?

A

15-25 lobes with tubulo-acinar glands and stroma

80
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the breast?

A

Breast extends vertically from the 2nd to the 6th rib and horizontally from lateral border of the sternum to mid-axillary line

81
Q

What muscles lay deep to the breast?

A

Pectoralis major and minor, latissimus dorsi and the intercostal muscles

82
Q

The branches of which blood vessels supply the breast?

A

Subclavian

Axillary arteries

83
Q

Name the groups of lymph nodes which drain the breast?

A

Axillary, parasternal, supraclavicular, posterior intercostal, pectoral

84
Q

Which group of lymph nodes receive lymph from the lateral quadrant of breast tissue?

A

The axillary

85
Q

List four functions of the placenta?

A

Gaseous exchange
Thermo-regulation
Waste elimination
Nutrient uptake

86
Q

When does the placenta physiologically separate from the uterine wall?

A

Third stage of labour after delivery of the fetus

87
Q

What is the function of the umbilical arteries in fetal circulation?

A

Supplies deoxygenated blood from foetus –> placenta

88
Q

Which umbilical vein persists during circulation?

A

Unpaired umbilical vein

89
Q

What is the function of the umbilical veins in fetal circulation?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from placenta –> fetus

90
Q

What is the fascia that runs between the left and right sides of the pubic arch, below the pubic symphysis?

A

The ischioanal triangle

91
Q

What muscles lie in the perineum?

A

The external anal sphincter
The superficial transverse perineal muscle
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiospongiosus

92
Q

What muscles lie in the perineum?

A

The external anal sphincter
The superficial transverse perineal muscle
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus

93
Q

What is the innervation and main action of the external anal sphincter?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

To keep the anal canal and orifice closed

94
Q

What is the innervation and main action of the bulbospongiosus?

A 
Deep branch of the perineal nerve
Empties urethra (males) or clenches vagina (females)
95
Q

What is the innervation and main action of the ischiocavernosus?

A

Pudendal nerve

Assists bulbospongiosus

96
Q

What is the innervation and main action of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A

Pudendal

constricts urethra and vagina, maintains urinary continence

97
Q

What is the innervation and main action of the deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

Pudendal nerve

98
Q

What is the innervation and main action of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Ischiopubic rami

Compresses urethra to maintain urinary incontinence

99
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Central tendon of perineum

100
Q

What muscles converge towards the perineal body?

A

Levator ani, superficial and deep transverse perineal muscle, bulbospongiosus, external anal and external urethral sphincter

101
Q

Where is the external urethral sphincter found?

A

The superficial perineal space

102
Q

Is the external urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

103
Q

What is the external urethral sphincter supplied by?

A

s2-s4

104
Q

What is the innervation of the internal urethral sphincter?

A

T10-L2

105
Q

Name the three parts of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic, Membranous and Spongy urethra

106
Q

What is the widest part of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic part

107
Q

What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?

A

Membranous part

108
Q

What makes up the pudendal canal?

A

The internal pudendal artery, internal pudendal vein, the pudendal nerve

Reproduction (17 decks)

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