11.10 Operating gearing Flashcards by O B | Brainscape

Q

What does “operating gearing” measure?

A

The proportion of fixed costs a company has relative to its variable costs.

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Q

Give one way in which operating gearing can be calculated.

A

fixed costs / variable costs.

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Interpreting Financial & Accounting Information (161 decks)

1.1 Regulatory framework - introduction

1.2 The need for a regulatory framework

1.3 Agency theory and the role of corporate governance

1.4 The role of financial accouting standards

1.5 Arguments against accounting regulation

1.6 National & company law

1.7 Environmental reporting

1.8 Social accounting

1.9 International financial reporting standards

1.10 Barriers to global harmonisation

1.11 Principal differences between IFRS and UK GAAP

Audit (Campbell's Notes)

2.1 Conceptual Framework of Financial Reporting

2.2 The need for a conceptual framework

2.3 Objectives of general purpose financial reporting

2.4 Qualitative characteristics of financial information

2.5 Financial statements and reporting

2.6 Assumptions underlying financial statements

2.7 Elements of financial statements

2.8 Recognition and derecogition of the elements of financial statements

2.9 Measuring the elements of financial statements

2.10 Presentation and disclosure

2.11 Concepts of capital and capital maintenance

3.1 Preparation and presentation of single entity financial statements

3.2 Objective of financial statements

3.3 Presentation of financial statements

3.4 Fair presentation and compliance with IFRS

3.5 Overriding concepts of financial statements

3.6 Structure and content of financial statements

3.7 Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income

3.8 Statement of financial position (balance sheet)

3.9 Statement of changes in equity

3.10 Statement of cash flows

4.1 Other contents and features of published accounts

4.2 Content of the annual report and accounts

4.3 The strategic report or business review

4.4 The directors' report

4.5 Notes to the accounts

4.6 Segment reporting

4.7 Reporting the substance of transactions

4.8 Limitations of published accounts

5.1 Interpreting accounting policies based on IFRS

5.2 Accounting policies

5.3 Accounting for inventories

5.4 Accounting for property, plant and equipment

5.5 Accounting for events after the reporting period

5.6 Revenue from contracts with customers

5.7 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

6.1 Financial reporting by groups of companies

6.2 Requirement to prepare consolidated financial statements

6.3 Principles for the consolidation of financial statements

6.4 Business combinations, fair value measurement and goodwill

6.5 Consolidated statement of financial position

6.6 Consolidted statement of comprehensive income

6.7 Investments in associates and joint ventures

6.8 The IAS 28 equity method

6.9 A parent company's separate financial statements

6.10 Exemptions from preparing consolidated financial statements

7.1 Analysis and evaluation of financial statements

7.2 The need for financial analysis

7.3 Fundamental analysis

7.4 Economic analysis

7.5 Industry analysis

7.6 Company analysis

7.7 Trend analysis

7.8 Ratio analysis

7.9 Profitability ratios

7.10 Limitations of ratio analysis

7.11 Earnings management or creative accounting

8.1 Financial markets and the identification of financing needs

8.2 Financial markets

8.3 Private versus public markets

8.4 The role of the stock exchange

8.5 Efficient market hypothesis

8.6 Alternative investment market

8.7 The role of other sources of finances: private markets

8.8 Identification of financing needs: budgeting and forecasting

8.9 The need for cash and cash management

9.1 Sources of long-term finance

9.2 Equity or ordinary shares

9.3 Retained earnings

9.4 Preference shares

9.5 Debentures and bonds

9.6 Bank and institutional loans

9.8 Hire purchase

9.9 Securitisation of assets

9.10 Private finance initiatives

9.11 Government grants and assistance

10.1 Sources of short-term finance

10.2 Exernal sources of short-term finance

10.3 Bank and institutional loans

10.4 Overdrafts

10.5 Bills of exchange

10.6 Debt factoring

10.7 Invoice discounting

10.8 Alternative finance and web innovations

10.9 Internal sources of short-term finance

10.10 Controlling working capital

10.11 Reducing inventory levels

10.12 Tighter credit control

10.13 Delaying payments to payables

10.14 Sale of redundant assets

10.15 Retained profits

11.1 The cost of capital and capital structure

11.2 The importance of the cost of capital

11.3 The cost of equity using the capital asset pricing model

11.4 Cost of capital using the dividend valuation model

11.5 The cost of debt

11.6 The weighted average cost of capital

11.7 Capital structure

11.8 Factors affecting capital structure

11.9 Financial gearing

11.10 Operating gearing

11.11 The traditional approach to capital structure

11.12 The Modigliani and Miller theory of capital structure

11.13 Real world approaches

12.1 Working capital management

12.2 The nature and purpose of working capital]

12.3 The working capital cycle

12.4 Working capital management: profitability versus liquidity

12.5 Working capital ratios

12.6 The management of inventories

12.7 The management of recievables

12.8 The management of payables

13.1 Risk assessment in investment appraisal technique

13.2 Risk and investment decisions

13.3 Risk assessment models

13.4 Sensitivity analysis

13.5 Scenario analysis

13.6 Simulation modelling

13.7 Expected net present value

13.8 Event tree diagrams

13.9 The role of portfolio management

14.1 Company analysis and business valuation methods

14.2 Investment valuation ratios

14.3 Earnings per share

14.4 Price/earnings ratio

14.5 Relative value measures

14.6 Valuation using dividend discount model

14.7 Valuation using discounted cash flows

14.8 Valuation using the capital asset pricing model

14.9 The application of efficient market hypothesis in business valuation

14.10 Shareholder value analysis

14.11 Economic value added as an alternative to SVA

14.12 Measuring value creation

15.1 Project appraisal techniques

15.2 Identification and analysis of projects

15.3 Factors affecting project appraisal

15.4 Project appraisal techniques

15.5 Non-discounted methods: payback period

15.6 Non-discounting methods: accounting rate of return (ARR)

15.7 Discounted cash flow techniques based on the time value of money

15.8 Discounted cash flow methods: net present value

15.9 Discounting annuities

15.10 Discounted cash flow methods: internal rate of return

15.11 Discounted cash flow methods: discounted payback

15.12 Impact of inflation and tax on project appraisal

15.13 Capital rationing and use of the profitability index

International Accounting Standards