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GI - Year 2 > Liver Symposium > Flashcards

Liver Symposium Flashcards

1
Q

What types of viruses are enteric viruses?

A

Hep A and E

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2
Q

What type of viruses are parenteral viruses?

A

Hep B, C and D

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3
Q

What the types of viruses that cause self limiting acute infections?

A

Hep A and E

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4
Q

What are the types of viruses that cause chronic disease?

A

Hep B, C and D

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5
Q

What are the types of transmission for hepatitis A?

A

Faecal - oral
Sexual
Blood

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6
Q

How is acute disease from hep A diagnosed?

A

IgM antibodies

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7
Q

What groups of people are more at risk of Hep A virus?

A 
Travellers
Patients with chronic liver disease
Haemophiliacs
Occupational exposure - lab workers
Men who have sex with men
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8
Q

What HBV antigens suggest presence of hep B virus?

A

Hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAG)

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9
Q

What HBV antigens suggest active replication of hep B virus? + which one is not detected in blood

A

Hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg)
Hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg) - not detected in blood
HBV DNA

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10
Q

Which antibody shows protection against hep B virus?

A

Anti-HBs

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11
Q

What antibody shows acute infection of hep B?

A

IgM anti-HBc

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12
Q

What antibody shows chronic infection/exposure of hep B?

A

IgG anti-HBc

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13
Q

What antibody shows inactive hep B virus?

A

Anti-HBe

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14
Q

What are the treatment options for HBV?

A

Pegylated interferon

Oral antiviral drugs

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15
Q

What is HDV?

A

Small RNA virus enveloped by HBsAg

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16
Q

How does HDV occur?

A

As co-infection or super-infection with HBV. Transmission the same as HBV

17
Q

What 3 entities are covered under non-alcohol fatty liver disease?

A

Simple steatosis
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Fibrosis and cirrhosis

18
Q

What are the risk factors of NAFLD?

A 
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
Hypertrigylceridemia
Hypertension
Age
Ethnicity (e.g. hispanics)
Genetic (e.g. PNPLA3 gene)
19
Q

What tests are used to diagnose NAFLD?

A 
AST/ALT ratio
Enhanced liver fibrosis panel
Cytokeratin-18
USS
Fibroscan
MR/CT
MR spectroscopy
Liver biopsy
20
Q

What is the treatment options for NAFLD?

A 
Diet and weight reduction
Exercise
Insulin sensitisers
Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues
Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand
Vitamin E
Surgery (weight reduction)
21
Q

What are the 3 types of antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis?

A

Type 1: ANA, SMA
Type 2: LKM1
Type 3: SLA

22
Q

What is the treatment for autoimmune hepatitis?

A

Responds well to steroids

Long term azathioprine

23
Q

Which immunoglobulin is elevated in autoimmune hepatitis?

A

IgG

24
Q

Which immunoglobulin is elevated in primary biliary cholangitis?

A

IgM

25
Q

What are common symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis?

A

Pruritus

Fatigue

26
Q

What is the treatment for primary biliary cholangitis?

A

UDCA

27
Q

What are the results of pANCA test in primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Positive pANCA

28
Q

Which ducts are involved in primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Intra + extrahepatic bile ducts

29
Q

What test is done for primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

MRCP

30
Q

What are the treatments for primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Liver therapy

Biliary stents

31
Q

What cases is transplant considered?

A

Chronic liver disease w/ poor prognosis or poor quality of life
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Acute liver failure
Genetic disease

32
Q

When is liver transplant not considered?

A

Active extrahepatic malignancy
Hepatic malignancy with macrovascular or diffuse tumour invasion
Active + uncontrolled infection outside hepatobliary system
Substance/alcohol abuse
Cardiopulmonary/other comorbid conditions
Psychosocial factors
Brain death

33
Q

What is the post-op treatment for transplant?

A

ICU care
Multidisciplinary care
Prophylactic antibiotics and antifungal drugs
Anti-rejection drugs (steroids, azathioprine, tacrolimus/cyclosporine)

GI - Year 2 (39 decks)

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