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Critical Thinking & Logic C168 > Intro to Biology C190 > Flashcards

Intro to Biology C190 Flashcards

1
Q

A chemical bond that involves sharing of electrons

A

Covalent Bond

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2
Q

both atoms, or ions, are held together by a difference in charge which creates an attraction between them

A

Ionic Bond

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3
Q

As ice forms on a pond, in the winter, the ice stays at the surface of the pond as it thickens throughout the season. Which property of water allows this to happen?

A

A. good solvent
B. cohesive
C. stable temperature
D. *change in density is what allows this to happen

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4
Q

a partially charged positive atom from one molecule is attracted to a partially charged negative atom of another molecule.

A

Hydrogen Bond

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5
Q

Reactants of cellular respiration

A

Oxygen and glucose

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6
Q

products of cellular respiration

A

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

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7
Q

Random events that change the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population.

A

genetic drift

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8
Q

The movement of alleles from one population to another, as a result of migration followed by breeding.

A

gene flow

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9
Q

All the individuals of the same species that occupy the same area and are likely to breed with one another.

A

population

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10
Q

Many different populations can live in any specific area. All of these populations can interact with each other in positive and negative ways, and together they form a community.

A

community

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11
Q

All the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, or nonliving, parts of that environment.

A

ecosystem

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12
Q

The tendency of organisms and cells to maintain stable internal conditions.

A

homeostasis

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13
Q

Molecules spontaneously move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration due to random movement.

A

simple diffusion

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14
Q

Molecules can spread into or out of a cell, following their natural tendency to spread out, moving down their concentration gradient.

A

simple diffusion

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15
Q

The process of helping molecules cross a membrane (down their concentration gradients) using channels or pores

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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16
Q

provides a semipermeable barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell

A

Cell membrane

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17
Q

Which kinds of molecules passe freely through the cell membrane

A

polar molecules, nonpolar molecules, & small molecules

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18
Q

The process of helping these molecules cross a membrane (down their concentration gradients) using channels or pores is referred to as

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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19
Q

with facilitated diffusion, molecules are moving down a concentration gradient, the process does not require the input of additional ______ from the cell

A

energy

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20
Q

In facilitated diffusion, molecules move through pores from areas of ____________ concentration to areas of ____________ concentration.

A

high

low

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21
Q

______ transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient

A

active

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22
Q

The source of energy for active transport is ______

A

ATP

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23
Q

Just as in facilitated diffusion, a protein channel is needed for the molecule to pass through the membrane.

A

Active transport

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24
Q

in active transport, the molecule is being moved _________ its concentration gradient

A

against

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25
Q

Which types of membrane transport could a molecule use to move down its concentration gradient?

A

simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion

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26
Q

A large polar molecule is found in high concentration inside a cell. As it moves out of the cell, which membrane transport mechanism is likely used?

A

facilitated diffusion or active transport?

*Facilitated diffusion is the correct answer

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27
Q

________ transport moves things up their concentration gradient.

A

Active

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28
Q

A cell uses ATP to move a small molecule across the membrane.
Which membrane transport mechanism is likely being used?

A

Facilitated diffusion, Simple diffusion, or Active transport?
*Active transport is the correct answer

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29
Q

The processes of endocytosis and exocytosis allow materials to move in and out of the cell without passing through the cell’s _______

A

membrane

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30
Q

material is engulfed within an infolding of the membrane and then brought into the cell within a cytoplasmic vesicle

A

endocytosis

31
Q

an internal vesicle fuses with the membrane and releases its contents to the outside.

A

Exocytosis

32
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

osmosis

33
Q

Which process stores energy in a glucose molecule?

A

photosynthesis

34
Q

energy stored in the bonds of molecules

A

chemical potential energy

35
Q

What is the name of the organelle that is mainly responsible for photosynthesis?

A

chloroplast

36
Q

Light + H20 + CO2 → Sugar + O2 is an equation for photosynthesis. True or False

A

True

37
Q

Produces NADPH

light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

A

light-dependent reaction

38
Q

Produces oxygen

light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

A

light-dependent reaction

39
Q

Uses ATP

light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

A

Calvin cycle

40
Q

Uses carbon dioxide

light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

A

Calvin cycle

41
Q

Produces sugars

light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

A

Calvin cycle

42
Q

Energy used to power the Calvin cycle is stored in which molecule(s)

A

ATP and NADPH provide energy to the Calvin cycle.

43
Q

At the end of the Calvin cycle, energy is stored in which molecule

A

Sugar

44
Q

Which molecule has more chemical potential energy, ATP or ADP?

A

ATP has more energy stored in its bonds.

45
Q

Which molecule is built through the process of phosphorylation

A

ATP is built through phosphorylation of ADP.

46
Q

Which molecule emerges from the Calvin cycle?

A

ADP is a product of the Calvin cycle.

47
Q

Cellular respiration: Sugar + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy

True or False

A

TRUE

48
Q

Which reaction produces ATP as an end product? the main source of ATP in aerobic cells
Photosynthesis or Cellular Respiration

A

Cellular respiration

49
Q

Mitochondria are used for cellular respiration.

True or False

A

TRUE

50
Q

The first step in cellular respiration is ________

A

Glycolysis

51
Q

where, in a cell, does glycolysis take place

A

The cytoplasm

52
Q

glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules called

A

pyruvate

53
Q

Which step of cellular respiration is glucose split into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvate.

A

glycolysis which is step 1 of cellular respiration

54
Q

Splitting the bonds of glucose releases enough energy to make two ATP and two NADH molecules in step one of cellular respiration called ____________

A

glycolysis

55
Q

Where does the glucose that enters glycolysis come from?

A

photosynthesis and the food we eat

56
Q

Cellular respiration Step 2 is called

A

The Krebs cycle

57
Q

The next step in cellular respiration is the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle), which happens in the inner space of the

A

mitochondria

58
Q

Which step in cellular respiration is the pyruvate from glycolysis broken down into acetyl coA

A

the Krebs cycle

59
Q

In which cycle is acetyl coA further broken down to release energy and CO2

A

the Krebs cycle

60
Q

The energy released from which process is used to build ATP, NADH, and FADH2

A

the Krebs cycle

61
Q

Some of the energy in glucose is converted into ATP by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, but some of it is still held in the electron carriers ___________ & ____________

A

NADH and FADH2.

62
Q

These molecules carry high energy electrons to the electron transport chain

A

NADH and FADH2.

63
Q

electrons are passed through the membrane inside the mitochondrion and used to build ATP in which step of cellular respiration

A

Step 3 The electron transport chain

64
Q

Is oxygen required by or produced from cellular respiration

A

Required

65
Q

Is ADP + P required by or produced from cellular respiration

A

Required

66
Q

Is carbon dioxide required by or produced from cellular respiration

A

Produced

Carbon dioxide is a by-product of cellular respiration.

67
Q

Is sugar required by or produced from cellular respiration

A

Required

68
Q

Is water required by or produced from cellular respiration

A

Produced

69
Q

What happens to the NADH produced in glycolysis?

A

It is used to produce ATP in the electron transport chain.

70
Q

The electron transport chain generates large amounts of

A

ATP

71
Q

Which stage of Mitosis is this: Chromosomes condense

A

Prophase (P)

72
Q

Which stage of Mitosis is this: Chromosomes are moved to the center of the cell.

A

Metaphase (M)

73
Q

Which stage of Mitosis is this: Sister chromatids are separated and move to opposites sides of the cell

A

Anaphase (A)

74
Q

Which stage of Mitosis is this: New nuclear membranes are formed around the clusters of chromosomes on each side of the cell.

A

Telophase (T)

Critical Thinking & Logic C168 (9 decks)

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