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General Medicine > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

0
Q

What does the hepatitis B vaccine contain

A

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

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1
Q

Transmission of hepatitis B

A

Blood

Sex

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2
Q

After hepatitis B vaccination what can be detected in the blood

A

Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb)

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3
Q

How do you distinguish between hepatitis B vaccination and previous hepatitis B infection from serology

A

Hepatitis B vaccine produces HBsAb only.

Pervious hepatitis B infection produces HBsAb and HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen)

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4
Q

What does hepatitis B surface antigen suggest

A

Active hepatitis B infection - within 4 weeks (earliest marker)
It is not detected from vaccination

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5
Q

What serological marker indicates chronic hepatitis B

A

HBsAg at 6m or more after initial infection.

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6
Q

Risks of chronic hepatitis

A

Liver cirrhosis
Liver failure
Hepatocellular carcinoma

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7
Q

Treatment of chronic hepatitis

A

Interferon-alpha
Peg interferon-alpha2a
Lamivudine
(Liver transplant)

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8
Q

What does hepatitis B e antigen on serology suggest

A

High level of infectivity

Can occur in acute or chronic hepatitis B infection.

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9
Q

What causes scabies

A

Sarcoptes scabiei - mite that burrows into the skin. F lays her eggs here. –> intense itch, worse at night

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10
Q

Management of scabies

A

Topical malathion or permethrin

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11
Q

Presentation of scabies

A

Commonly affects finger web spaces, sides of fingers, flexor surface of wrist, penis

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12
Q

Transmission of hepatitis A

A

Faecal-oral

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13
Q

Presentation of hepatitis A

A

Non-specific illness
lethargy
jaundice

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14
Q

Earliest serological marker of acute infection in hepatitis A

A

Hepatitis A immunoglobulin M Ab

Hep A IgM

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15
Q

What do hepatitis A IgG antibodies indicate?

A

Previous hepatitis A infection

Usually conveys immunity to hepatitis A

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16
Q

How is hepatitis C transmitted

A

Sex

Blood

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17
Q

Presentation of hepatitis C infection

A

Acute infection normally silent - asymptomatic

Chronic infection occurs in 85% –> risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma

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18
Q

Symptoms of glandular fever

A 
Sore throat 
Swollen lymph nodes
Flu-like symptoms
Malaise 
Swelling around eyes
Splenomegally
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19
Q

Where does campylobacter jejuni come from and what are the symptoms

A

Contaminated food
Unpasteurised milk

Profuse bloody diarrhoea, containing pus

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20
Q

What type of meningitis affects patient with HIV

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

21
Q

Features of HIV seroconversion

A

Flu-like illness

22
Q

At what CD4 count can AIDS defining illness occur

A

CD4 count <200

23
Q

At what CD4 count is antiretroviral therapy started

A

CD4 count of 350

24
Q

In HIV treatment what viral load is the aim of treatment

A

Viral load <50 copies /ml

25
Q

In what infection do ‘owls eye’ bodies occur

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

26
Q

What organism causes kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Human herpes 8

27
Q

Examples of viral haemorrhagic fevers

A

Ebola
Lassa fever
Marburg
Yellow fever

28
Q

Symptoms of pertussis

A 
Coryza 
Mild fever
Cough - becomes violent whooping
Vomiting
Respiratory distress
29
Q

Symptoms of tetanus

A

Rigid jaw muscles
Dysphagia
Neck/back / chest / abdominal muscle spasm

30
Q

What infection causes a rash with ampicillin

A

EBV

31
Q

Conditions caused by EBV

A

Glandular fever
Burkitts lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

32
Q

Cause of slapped cheek rash

A

Parvovirus B19

5th disease

33
Q

Symptoms of herpes simplex 1

A

Cold sores
Gingivostomatitis
Herpetic whitlow
Eczema herpeticum

34
Q

Where does leishmaniasis come from

A

Sand fly Protozoa

35
Q

What causes listeriosis and what are the symptoms

A

Contaminated soft cheese / pâté

Fever / myalgia / diarrhoea
Miscarriage / stillbirth if pregnant

36
Q

Where does leptospirosis come from?

A

Rat or cow urine in water
Watersports
Farm work

37
Q

Symptoms of mumps

A 
Parotid gland swelling
Headache
Arthralgia
Nausea
Fever 
Dry mouth
Fatigue 
Orchitis (20%)
38
Q

Symptoms of rubella

A 
Mild illness 
Fine red maculopapular rash
Fever
Sore throat
Conjunctivitis
Lymphadenopathy
39
Q

Symptoms of measles

A

Fever
Cough
Rash ( head / neck 1st)
Koplicks spots on Buccal mucosa

40
Q

Common wound infections

A

Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis
E. coli
Enterococci

41
Q

Infections common in asplenic patients

A

Strep pneumonia
N. meningitidis
H. Influenzae
Malaria

42
Q

Examples of oncoviruses

A

EBV
Hep B
HTLV-1
HPV16+18

43
Q

Causes of bloody diarrhoea

A 
Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli
Campylobacter jejuni/ coli, 
Shigella spp
Clostridium difficile
NOT viral or parasitic - except Entamoeba histolytica
44
Q

What complications can leptospirosis cause

A 
Meningism
Renal failure
Hepatomegally 
Jaundice
Haemolytic anaemia
Cardiac failure 
Arrhythmia
45
Q

Complications of parvovirus

A

Erythema infectiosum
Arthropathy
Aplastic crisis in patients with chronic haemolytic anaemia
Chronic infection in the immunocompromised
Asymptomatic infection

46
Q

What viral infections can cause arthropathy

A 
Mumps
Rubella
Parvovirus B19
Hepatitis A, B,C
HIV
EBV
47
Q

Organism responsible for cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella henslae

48
Q

Organism responsible for Lyme disease

A

Borrellia burgdorferi

49
Q

In whom does pseudomonas commonly occur

A

Neutropenic / immunosuppressed patients

E.g. Leukaemia / CF / diabetes / burns victims

50
Q

Examples of alpha streptococci

A

Strep pneumoniae

Strep viridans

General Medicine (25 decks)

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