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Biology > Genes, Transcription and Translation > Flashcards

Genes, Transcription and Translation Flashcards

0
Q

Polypeptide

A

A polymer consisting of a chain of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds

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1
Q

Gene

A

A length of DNA that codes for one (or more) polypeptides

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2
Q

Genome

A

The entire DNA sequence of an organism.

The human genome consists of 3 billion nucleotide base pairs

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3
Q

Protein

A

A large polypeptide - usually about 100 or more amino acids.

Some proteins consist of one polypeptide chain, some consist of more than one

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4
Q

Transcription

A

The creation of a single stranded mRNA copy of the DNA coding strand

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5
Q

Translation

A

The assembly of polypeptides (proteins) at ribosomes

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6
Q

Mutation

A

A change in the amount of, or arrangement of, the genetic material in a cell

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7
Q

DNA mutation

A

Changes to the gene due to changes in nucleotide base sequences

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8
Q

Gene mutation

A

Changes to DNA due to changes in nucleotide base sequences

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9
Q

Allele

A

Alternative version of a gene

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10
Q

Genetic code

A

The sequence of nucleotide bases on a gene that provides a code with instructions for construction of polypeptides/proteins

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11
Q

Operon

A

A length of DNA made up of structural genes and control sites

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12
Q

Homeobox genes

A

Homeotic genes that control the development of the body plan of an organism

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13
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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14
Q

Lac Z codes for…

A

Beta galactosidase

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15
Q

Lac Y codes for…

A

Lactose permease

16
Q

What is the function of the repressor protein in lac operon?

A

It binds to the operator region and blocks the promotor region so RNA polymerase can’t bind, so genes Z and Y can’t be transcribed

17
Q

What is the role of lactose in lac operon?

A

Binds to the repressor at another site.

Causes its shape to change so it moves away from the operator, and leaves the promotor region free for RNA polymerase to bind

Z and Y genes are transcribed

18
Q

Explain the advantages to E. coli bacteria having a lac operon system to induce enzyme formation

A

The bacteria only make enzymes when lactose is present in the culture medium.

The enzymes are inducible.

Therefore resources are not wasted in making unnecessary enzymes

19
Q

What kind of system is lac operon?

A

Inducible negative

Biology (13 decks)

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