Muscles - Gluteal Flashcards
Introduce the gluteal compartment (superficial layer and deep layer) including:
location
structure
function
muscles
Location:
located in the gluteal region, on the posterior and lateral aspect of the body. Span between the pelvis and the femur, with the glute max and the TFL indirectly attaching to the tibia via the ITB.
Structure:
4 muscles in the superficial compartment - glute max, glute med, glute min, and TFL.
5 muscles in the dep compartment - piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli superior and inferior, and the quadratus femoris.
The superficial muscles are larger, and run obliquely between the external surface of the pelvis to the femur and ITB.
The deep muscles are smaller, and run more horizontally between the pelvis and the femur.
Function:
There are 6 primary functions of the gluteal muscles:
hip extension,
hip abduction,
internal and external rotation of the hip, stabilization of the pelvis during gait,
and stabilization of the femoral head in the acetabulum.
In addition, the TFL is a mild flexor of the hip.
Muscles:
There are 4 muscles in the superficial layer: Glute max glute med glute min TFL
and 5 muscles in the deep layer: piriformis obturator internus gemellus superior gemellus inferior quadratus femoris
Give a description of the superficial muscles of the gluteal compartment.
There are 4 muscles in the superficial layer of the gluteal compartment:
Glute max
glute med
glute min
TFL
Glute Max:
PA: ilium (post gluteal line), posterior surface of sacrum, posterior surface of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
DA: ITB and gluteal tuberosity of femur
NS: inferior gluteal
Actions: extends thigh, externally rotates thigh, assists in standing and climbing
Glute Med:
PA: ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)
DA: greater trochanter (lateral)
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts thigh, internally rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait
Glute Min
PA: ilium (between anterior and inferior lines)
DA: greater trochanter (anterior)
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts thigh, internally rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait
TFL PA: ASIS and anterior iliac crest DA: lateral condyle of tibia via ITB NS: superior gluteal Actions: abducts, internally rotates, flexes thigh
Describe the glute max muscle
Glute Max:
PA: ilium (post gluteal line), posterior surface of sacrum, posterior surface of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
DA: ITB and gluteal tuberosity of femur
NS: inferior gluteal
Actions: extends thigh, externally rotates thigh, assists in standing and climbing
Describe the glute med muscle
Glute Med:
PA: ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)
DA: greater trochanter (lateral)
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts thigh, internally rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait
Describe the glute min muscle
Glute Min
PA: ilium (between anterior and inferior lines)
DA: greater trochanter (anterior)
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts thigh, internally rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait
Describe the TFL
TFL PA: ASIS and anterior iliac crest DA: lateral condyle of tibia via ITB NS: superior gluteal Actions: abducts, internally rotates, flexes thigh
Give an overview of the deep layer of the gluteal muscles
There are 5 muscles in the deep layer of the gluteal muscle compartment: Piriformis Obturator Internus Gemellus Superior Gemellus Inferior Quadratus Femoris
Piriformis
PA: anterior surface of sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament
DA: greater trochanter (superior)
NS: nerve to piriformis
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Obturator Internus PA: obturator membrane (pelvic surface) DA: greater trochanter (medial) NS: nerve to obturator internus Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Gemellus (superior) PA: ischial spine DA: greater trochanter (medial) NS: nerve to obturator internus Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Gemellus (inferior) PA: ischial tuberosity DA: greater trochanter (medial) NS:nerve to quadratus femoris Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Quadratus femoris: PA: ischial tuberosity (lateral border) DA: quadrate tubercle NS: nerve to quadratus femoris Actions: externally rotates thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Describe the piriformis muscle
Piriformis
PA: anterior surface of sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament
DA: greater trochanter (superior)
NS: nerve to piriformis
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Describe the obturator internus muscle
Obturator Internus PA: obturator membrane (pelvic surface) DA: greater trochanter (medial) NS: nerve to obturator internus Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Describe the gemellus superior muscle
Gemellus (superior) PA: ischial spine DA: greater trochanter (medial) NS: nerve to obturator internus Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Describe the gemellus inferior muscle
Gemellus (inferior) PA: ischial tuberosity DA: greater trochanter (medial) NS:nerve to quadratus femoris Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Describe the quadratus femoris muscle
Quadratus femoris: PA: ischial tuberosity (lateral border) DA: quadrate tubercle NS: nerve to quadratus femoris Actions: externally rotates thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
How many muscles have a distal attachment to the greater trochanter of the femur?
6 muscles attach to the greater trochanter.
Greater trochanter (lateral) * glute med
Greater trochanter (anterior) * glute min
Greater trochanter (superior) * piriformis
Greater trochanter (medial)
- obturator internus
- gemellus superior
- gemellus inferior
Which nerves innervate the muscles of the gluteal compartment?
Superior gluteal - glute med and glute min
Inferior gluteal - glute max
Nerve to piriformis - piriformis
Nerve to obturator internus - obturator internus, gemelli superior
Nerve to quadratus femoris - quadratus femoris, gemelli inferior
