Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 MSK > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Bony outgrowth with cartilaginous cap, may result in local pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteochondroma Issues

A

1% chance of becoming metastatic, any increase in growth may require excision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Enchondroma

A

Intra medullary cartilaginous tumour due to failure of enchondral ossification.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Enchondroma issues

A

Pathological fractures due to area of weakness- bone grafting is usual response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Simple bone cyst

A

Single cavity benign fluid filled cyst, often incidental finding , usually on long bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Simple bone cyst issue

A

Pathological fractures due to weakening of the bone, bone grafting +/- stabilisation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aneurysmal Bone cyst

A

Lots of chambers filled with blood or serum, affects long and flat bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aneurysmal Bone cyst issues

A

Locally aggressive causing cortical destruction and pain, pathological fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst treatment

A

Bone grafts or cement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Giant Cell tumour

A

Tend to occur in epiphysis especially around the knee but can occur in other long bones pelvis and spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Giant cell tumour appearance

A

On Xray look for soap bubble apearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Giant Cell Tumour issues

A

Locally destroying cortex, associated with pain and pathological fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Giant Cell risk

A

5% can metastasise to the lung, metastatic tumour is still considered benign.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Giant cell tumour treatment

A

Intralesional excision, phenol bone cement and liquid nitrogen used to remove tumour and prevent recurrence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fibrous Dysplasia

A

occurs in adolescence, lesions of fibrous tissue and immature bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fibrous dysplasia in one bone

A

Monostotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fibrous dysplasia in several bones

A

Polyostotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fibrous dysplasia issues

A

Wider bones with thin cortices, angular deformities are common. All lead to pathological fractures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fibrous dysplasia treatment

A

Bisphosphonates to reduce pain

Internal fixation and bone grafts used to stabilise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fibrous dysplasia excision

A

Simple intralesional excision has a very high recurrence rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Osteoid osteoma

A

Is a small nidus of immature bone surrounded by sclerotic halo, occur in adolescence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Common site for osteoid osteoma?

A

Proximal femur, diaphysis of long bones and vertebrae.

23
Q

Clinical features of osteoid osteoma?

A

Intense constant pain worse at night.

Massively reduced by NSAIDs

24
Q

Identification of osteoid osteoma?

A

Xray may reveal however bone san and CT used to confirm.

25
Q

Osteoid osteoma treatment.

A

May be self resolving, CT guided radio frequency ablation or en bloc excision.

26
Q

Are primary or secondary bone tumours more common?

A

Secondary bone tumours are more common.

27
Q

Most common primary bone tumours?

A

Osteosarcoma

28
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumour producing bone, affects younger age groups .

29
Q

Common site for Osteosarcoma

A

Usually bones around the knee, proximal femur humerus and pelvis.

30
Q

Osteosarcoma metastatic spread

A

Usually haematogenous but can be lymphatic.

31
Q

Osteosarcoma treatment

A

They are not radiosensitive , chemotherapy can prolong survival, surgery is curative.

32
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Cartilage producing primary bone tumour, less common and less aggressive that osteosarcoma,

33
Q

Chondrosarcoma occurence

A

Older age group 45years, pelvis or proximal femur.

34
Q

Chondrosarcoma treatment

A

Very large and slow to metastasise, however radiotherapy and chemotherapy is as of yet ineffective.

35
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A

Fibrous malignant bone tumours occurring in abnormal bone. Tends to affect young adults.

36
Q

Ewings Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumour of primary cells within the marrow.

37
Q

Ewings occurence

A

2nd most prevalent with the poorest prognosis.

Affects ages between 10 and 20.

38
Q

Clinical appearance of Ewings sarcomma

A

Fever raised inflammatory markers and warm swelling.

39
Q

What is Ewings sarcoma easily mistaken with?

A

Osteomyelitis

40
Q

Treatment for Ewings sarcomma

A

it tends to be radio and chemo sensitive.

41
Q

Metastatic bone tumours

A

Brest, prostate, lung, renal, thyroid

42
Q

Breast metastatic disease

A

Blastic or sclerotic, mean survival is around 24-26 months

43
Q

Prostate metastatic disease

A

Sclerotic, pathological fractures likely, 45% one year survival.

44
Q

Lung metastatic disease

A

Lytic disease, mean survival is 6 months

45
Q

Renal metastatic disease

A

Large vascular lytic metastases, large risk of bleeding, one isolated tumour surgery is curative.

46
Q

Lipoma

A

Common benign tumour of the fat

47
Q

Angiosarcoma

A

Malignant tumour of blood vessels

48
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A

Fibrous tissue

49
Q

Liposarcoma

A

From fat

50
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Skeletal muscle

51
Q

Synovial Sarcoma

A

synovial lining of joints

52
Q

ganglion cyst

A

herniation of joint capsule
well defined and firm
excision if causing discomfort or for cosmesis

53
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of fluid filled sac preventing friction between tendons bones and muscles.

Year 2 MSK (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions