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Psychology > Introduction To Psychology Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Introduction To Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Psyche

A

Soul

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2
Q

Ology

A

The Study Of

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3
Q

Psychology

A

Scientific Study Of The Mind

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4
Q

Empirical Method

A

involves the use of objective, quantitative observation in a systematically controlled, replicable situation, in order to test or refine a theory

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5
Q

Introspection

A

a process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible, making the human mind like any other aspect of nature that a scientist observed

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6
Q

Function is my

A

Focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment

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7
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

First Person to be referred to as a Psychologist

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8
Q

William James

A

was the first American psychologist who espoused a different perspective on how psychology should operate

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9
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.

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10
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences

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11
Q

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Köhler

A

three German psychologists who immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century to escape Nazi Germany. These men are credited with introducing psychologists in the United States to various Gestalt principles.

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12
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Founded Classical Conditioning

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13
Q

John B. Watson

A

he believed that objective analysis of the mind was impossible, Watson preferred to focus directly on observable behavior and try to bring that behavior under control

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14
Q

behaviorism

A

observing and controlling behavior

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15
Q

B. F. Skinner

A

was a behaviorist, and he concentrated on how behavior was affected by its consequences

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16
Q

Humanism

A

is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

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17
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

was an American psychologist who is best known for proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

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18
Q

Carl Rogers

A

emphasized the potential for good that exists within all people.

Rogers used a therapeutic technique known as client- centered therapy in helping his clients deal with problematic issues that resulted in their seeking psychotherapy.

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19
Q

American Psychological Association (APA)

A

The APA is a professional organization representing psychologists in the United States.

APA is the largest organization of psychologists in the world, and its mission is to advance and disseminate psychological knowledge for the betterment of people

56 divisions within the APA

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20
Q

Association for Psychological Science

A

(APS) was founded in 1988 and seeks to advance the scientific orientation of psychology.

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21
Q

biopsychology

A

explores how our biology influences our behavior.

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22
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

seeks to study the ultimate biological causes of behavior

23
Q

cognitive psychology

A

is the area of psychology that focuses on studying cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

24
Q

Developmental psychology

A

is the scientific study of development across a lifespan. Developmental psychologists are interested in processes related to physical maturation

their focus is not limited to the physical changes associated with aging, as they also focus on changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, social behavior, and other psychological attributes.

25
Q

Personality psychology

A

focuses on patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique.

26
Q

personality traits

A

reflect people’s characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

imply consistency and stability—someone who scores high on a specific trait like Extraversion is expected to be sociable in different situations and over time.

27
Q

Social psychology

A

focuses on how we interact with and relate to others

28
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

was an American social psychologist who is most famous for research that he conducted on obedience

29
Q

Industrial-Organizational psychology (I-O psychology)

A

is a subfield of psychology that applies psychological theories, principles, and research findings in industrial and organizational settings.

30
Q

biopsychosocial model

A

Health psychology focuses on how health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

31
Q

sport and exercise psychology

A

study the psychological aspects of sport performance, including motivation and performance anxiety, and the effects of sport on mental and emotional wellbeing.

32
Q

Clinical psychology

A

is the area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior.

33
Q

Counseling psychology

A

is a similar discipline that focuses on emotional, social, vocational, and health- related outcomes in individuals who are considered psychologically healthy

34
Q

Forensic psychology

A

is a branch of psychology that deals questions of psychology as they arise in the context of the justice system.

35
Q

PhD

A

refers to a doctor of philosophy degree, but here, philosophy does not refer to the field of philosophy per se.

36
Q

dissertation

A

is essentially a long research paper or bundled published articles describing research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training

37
Q

postdoctoral training programs

A

allow young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field.

38
Q

PsyD

A

is a doctor of psychology degree that is increasingly popular among individuals interested in pursuing careers in clinical psychology. PsyD programs generally place less emphasis on research-oriented skills and focus more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context

39
Q

Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?

a. critical thinking
b. use of the scientific method
c. critical evaluation of sources of information
d. all of the above

A

D. All of The Above

40
Q

Psyche is a Greek word meaning _________

a. essence
b. soul
c. behavior
d. love

A

soul

41
Q

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in __________

a. biology
b. chemistry
c. philosophy
d. physics

A

C - Philosophy

42
Q

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ______

a. observation
b. measurement
c. test
d. proposed explanation

A

D - Proposed Explanation

43
Q

Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components

a. William James
b. Max Wertheimer
c. Carl Rogers
d. Noam Chomsky

A

B - Max Wertheimer

44
Q

________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs

a. Noam Chomsky
b. Carl Rogers
c. Abraham Maslow
d. Sigmund Freud

A

D - Sigmund Freud

45
Q

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems

a. structuralism
b. functionalism
c. Gestalt
d. unconditional positive regard

A

D - Unconditional Positive Regard

46
Q

The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning

a. Skinner
b. Watson
c. James
d. Koffka

A

B - Skinner

47
Q

A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist

a. biological
b. health
c. clinical
d. social

A

A - Biological

48
Q

An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.

a. psychosexual stage
b. object permanence
c. personality
d. perception

A

D - Perception

49
Q

In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.

a. 1/3
b. 2/3
c. 3/4
d. 4/5

A

B - 2/3

50
Q

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.

a. personality
b. clinical
c. social
d. I-O

A

D - I-O

51
Q

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then s/he would probably need a ________ degree in psychology

a. bachelor of science
b. bachelor of art
c. master’s
d. PhD

A

D - PhD

52
Q

The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills

a. PhD
b. PsyD
c. postdoctoral training program
d. dissertation

A

C - Postdoctoral Training Program

53
Q

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

a. PhD
b. PsyD
c. master’s degree
d. bachelor’s degree

A

D - Bachelor’s Degree

54
Q

One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist

a. associate’s
b. bachelor’s
c. master’s
d. doctoral

A

A- Associates

Psychology (5 decks)

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