Week 1 to 7 Flashcards
What diagnosis is described below?
Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period
(or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3):
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition).
onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas of functioning, such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, is markedly below the level achieved before the onset
Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months (at least 1 month of symptoms)
disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia
What are the 5 subtypes of schizophrenia:
paranoid type disorganized type catatonic type Undifferentiated Type Residual Type
What subtype of schizophrenia is described below?
characterized by preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations
paranoid type
What subtype of schizophrenia is described below?
characterized by a marked regression to primitive, disinhibited, and unorganized behavior and by the absence of symptoms that meet the criteria for the catatonic type
disorganized type
What subtype of schizophrenia is described below?
is a marked disturbance in motor function; this disturbance may involve stupor, negativism, rigidity, excitement, or posturing. Sometimes the patient shows a rapid alteration between extremes of excitement and stupor.
catatonic type
What subtype of schizophrenia is described below?
patients who clearly have schizophrenia cannot be easily fit into one type or another.
Undifferentiated Type
What subtype of schizophrenia is described below?
Emotional blunting, social withdrawal, eccentric behavior, illogical thinking, and mild loosening of associations commonly appear in the residual type. When delusions or hallucinations occur, they are neither prominent nor accompanied by strong affect.
Residual Type
What diagnosis is described below?
The main feature is
amnesia where the person had the inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by normal forgetfulness
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociation is usually caused by
trauma
What type of amenisa is described below?
inability to recall events related to circumscribed period of time
Localized Amnesia
What type of amenisa is described below?
ability to remember some but not all events related to a circumscribed period of time
Selective Amnesia
What type of amenisa is described below?
failure to recall one’s entire life
Generalized Amnesia
What type of amenisa is described below?
failure to remember successive events as they occur
Continuous Amnesia
What type of amenisa is described below?
failure to remember a category of info (such as memories of family or just one person in particular)
Systematized Amnesia
What type of amenisa is described below?
is a condition characterized by sudden onset of memory loss and confusion.
During an episode of TGA, a person is not able to make new memories. The person may be disoriented in regard to time and place, but can remember who they are and can recognize family members.
Transient Global Amnesia:
Define fugue
purposeful movement from one place to another
Malingering illness is when…
someone exaggerates an illness in order to get out of work, evite police, receive free room and board at a hospital, they usually have financial goals and symptoms usually disappear once it’s no longer profitable to them
This food disorder is a syndrome characterized by these three essential criteria.
The first is a self induced starvation to a significant degree—a behavior.
The second is a relentless drive for thinness or a morbid
fear of fatness—a psychopathology.
The third criterion is the presence of medical signs and symptoms resulting from starvation—a physiological symptomatology
Anorexia nervosa
What are the sub-types of Anorexia nervosa
restricting and binge/purge
Which is described below (restricting or binge/purge) ?
During the last 3 months, the individual has not engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas).
This subtype describes presentations in which weight loss is accomplished primarily through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise.
- attempts to consume fewer than 300 to 500 calories per day and no fat grams
- relentlessly and compulsively overactive, with overuse athletic injuries
Restricting type
Which is described below (restricting or binge/purge) ?
During the last 3 months, the individual has engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas).
- Purging represents a secondary compensation for the unwanted calories, most often accomplished by self-induced vomiting, frequently by laxative abuse, less frequently by diuretics, and occasionally with emetics
- repetitive purging occurs without prior binge eating, after ingesting only relatively few calories
- Overexercising and perfectionistic traits are also common in both types
Binge-eating/purging type
What eating disorder is described below?
-characterized by episodes of binge eating combined with inappropriate ways of stopping weight gain; typically maintain a normal body weight; Physical discomfort: terminates the binge eating, which is often followed by feelings of guilt, depression, or self-disgust.
Bulimia nervosa
What eating disorder is described below?
engage in recurrent binge eating during which they eat an abnormally large amount of food over a short time. Unlike bulimia nervosa, patients with this disorder do not compensate in any way after a binge episode
- binge eating disorder
What eating disorder is described below?
- characterized by the consumption of large amounts of food after the evening meal. Individuals generally have little appetite during the day and suffer from insomnia.
- common among patients with other eating disorders, particularly bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.
Night Eating Syndrome
What eating disorder is described below?
- characterized by recurrent purging behavior after consuming a small amount of food in persons of normal weight who have a distorted view of their weight or body image.
- Purging behavior includes self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, enemas, and diuretics
- To make the diagnosis, the behavior must not be associated with anorexia nervosa.
Purging Disorder
What disorder is described below?
-represented by a diverse group of symptoms that include intrusive
thoughts, rituals, preoccupations, and compulsions.
- recurrent obsessions or compulsions cause severe distress to the person.
- obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming and interfere significantly with the person’s normal routine, occupational functioning, usual social activities, or relationships.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Define obsession
- a recurrent and intrusive thought, feeling, idea, or sensation.
- obsession is a mental event,
Define Compulsion
- is a conscious, standardized, -recurrent behavior, such as counting, checking, or avoiding.
- a compulsion is a behavior.
Substance-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive/related disorder
characterized by the emergence of obsessive-compulsive or related symptoms as a result of a substance, including drugs, medications, and alcohol.
Symptoms of Substance-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive/related disorder
present either during use or within a month after substance use, intoxication, or withdrawal.
Olfactory Reference Syndrome
characterized by a false belief by the patient that he or she has a foul body odor that is not perceived by others
-preoccupation leads to repetitive behaviors such as washing the body or
changing clothes.
-The patient may have good, fair, poor, or absent insight into the behavior.
-The syndrome is
predominant in males and single status.
Body dysmorphic disorder
characterized by a preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance that
causes clinically significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning.
Hoarding Disorder
acquiring and not discarding things that are deemed to be of little or no value, resulting in excessive clutter of living spaces.
Hair-Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania)
chronic disorder characterized by repetitive hair pulling, leading to variable hair loss that
may be visible to others.
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
characterized by the compulsive and repetitive picking of the skin.
Factitious dermatitis
a disorder in which skin-picking is the target of self-inflicted injury
and the patient uses more elaborate methods than simple excoriation to self-induce skin lesions.
What disorder is described below?
- Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day (per subjective report)
- Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all (or almost all) activities most of the day, nearly every day
- Significant weight loss when not dieting OR weight gain OR a decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day
- Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
- Psychomotor agitation (observable by others)
-Fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate feelings of guilt
- Diminished ability to think or concentrate; indecisiveness
- Recurrent thoughts of death or recurrent suicidal ideation
Major Depressive Disorder:
major depressive episode must last at least 2 weeks
Define Manic episode:
a period where a person’s mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable that impedes functioning. Lasts at least 1 week or less.
Define Hypomanic episode
similar to mania but not as severe– this episode does not impede social or occupational functioning & no psychotic features are present; lasts at least 4 consecutive days.
Bipolar 1 or Bipolar II?
- must experience a manic episode (at least 1 lifetime manic episode is required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder)
- manic episode is often preceded by hypomanic or major depressive episode
Bipolar I Disorder:
Bipolar 1 or Bipolar II?
episodes of major depression and hypomania
Bipolar II Disorder
What’s a mixed episode?
period of at least 1 week in which both a manic episode & a major depressive episode occur almost daily
Dysthymic disorder?
At least 2 years of depressed mood that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as a major depressive disorder
Cyclothymic disorder?
2 years of frequently occurring hypomanic symptoms that cannot fit the diagnosis of manic episodes AND of depressive symptoms that cannot fit the diagnosis of major depressive disorder
*Basically… a less severe version of Bipolar II disorder