Screening and Vaccination Flashcards
SEE OBGYN deck for screenin
Hypothyroidism
Cystic fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
Rare metabolic:
Maple syrup urine disease
Isovolaemic ….
MCAD ?
If disease not covered in detail elsewhere cover here
Do one flash card on all the metabolic ones
What is on the vaccination schedule at birth?
BCG for TB if baby is deemed at risk:
Family infection in past 6m
Family from area where TB is endemic (as may be more likely to visit or be visited by contacts in the future)
What is on the vaccination schedule at 2 months?
6-in-1 = diphtheria, whooping cough (pertussis), tetanus (DPT), polio, HiB, Hep B
Men B
Oral rotavirus vaccine
PCV - pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
(DPPT, all the B’s, ORV, PCV)
What is on the vaccination schedule at 3 months?
6-in-1
Oral rotavirus vaccine
What is on the vaccination schedule at 4 months?
6-in-1
PCV
Men B
What is on the vaccination schedule at 12-13 months?
Hib/Men C
MMR - measles, mumps and rubella
PCV
Men B
What is on the vaccination schedule at 2-8 years?
Flu vaccine (annual)
What is on the vaccination schedule at 3-4 years?
4-in-1 preschool booster = DPT + polio
MMR
What is on the vaccination schedule at 12-13 years?
Human papilloma virus (HPV) - both sexes
What is on the vaccination schedule at 13-18 years?
3-in-1 teenage booster = tetanus, diphtheria, polio
Men AWYC (also offered to students going to university up to age 25, automatically offered by GP age 17/18)
What types of vaccines are there?
Live attenuated - MMR, BCG, rotavirus
Inactivated whole cell - pertussis
Inactivated toxin - diphtheria, tetanus
Conjugated - HiB, Men C
Cell wall/envelope components - flu, men B
.
.
What is herd immunity?
Form of indirect protection from disease when enough members of a population have become immune to a specific infection, thereby providing a measure of protection to individuals who are not immune – chains of infection more likely to be broken, stopping/slowing the spread of disease
Can result in disease eradication ie with small pox
Useful for individuals who cannot take vaccines – immunodeficient, newborn infants, those who cannot generate a proper immune response to the vaccine and those in whom the vaccine is contraindicated
Not perfect as the numbers of ‘free riders’ who choose not to vaccinate increases, the efficacy of herd immunity decreases – there is a threshold level where it is acceptable/functional
What is developmental dysplasia of the hip and some risk factors of it?
A congenital dislocation of the hip
Slightly mor common on the left, 20% of cases are bilateral
Risk factors: Female sex - 6x greater Breech presentation Positive FHx First born children Oligohydraminos Birth weight >5kg
