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Behavior > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What defines major depressive disorder

A

one or more depressive episodes within the same 2 weeks

with 5 or more symptoms

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2
Q

What separates major depressive disorder from persistent depressive disorder?

A

Persistent depressive disorder lasts for at least 2 years with asymptomatic periods not exceeding 2 months

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3
Q

Define Mania

A

abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week plus 3 of 7 characteristic symptoms

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4
Q

what is hypomania

A

elevated mood, but not accompanied by psychotic symptoms, lasting for at least 4 days.

Patients are usually productive during hypomanic episodes as contrasted with mania

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5
Q

describe symptoms seen in mania

A

talking fast

slurred speech

decreased need for sleep

psychomotor agitation

flight of ideas

disinhibition and irresponsibility

grandiosity

easily distractable

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6
Q

aytpical features of depression

A

weight gain

hypersomnia

responsive to life situations, but devastated at the slightest rejection

feeing that extremities are weighing them down

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7
Q

compare and contrast depression vs bereavement

A
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8
Q

treatment for Major depressive disorder

A

SSRIs

MAOI

TCAs

SNRI

Esketamine

CBT

Electroconvulsive therapy

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9
Q

Treatments for mania

A

Valproate

Carbamazepine

Lamotrigine

Lithium

Antipsychotics

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10
Q

Etiology of Depressive Disorders

A

most mood disorders run in the family, but unclear if there is genetic transmission

people can experience loss of disappointment at any point in life

consistently negative environments can cause an increase in cortisol

decreased norepi

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11
Q

Lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder and persistend depresive disorder

A

MDD: 17%

dysthymia: 2-3%

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12
Q

Prevalence of depressive disorders between genders

A

women> men

(2:1)

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13
Q

Epidemiology for bipolar disorder

A

2% (bipolar 1 & 2 combined)

women> men (3:2)

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14
Q

what is psychosis

A
  • The group of symptoms that characterizes the most severe mental illness (schizophrenia, mania) and involve impairments in the ability to make judgments about boundaries between reality and fiction
  • Group of symptoms that are common in aforementioned disorders
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15
Q

what are delusions

A

an abnormality in content of thought. They are false beliefs that cannot be explained on the basis of the patient’s cultural background.

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16
Q

presentation of psychosis

A

Having delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behaviors, disorganized speech and inappropriate affect

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17
Q

Presentation of delusions

A

• Grandiose type- Possessing wealth or great beauty or having a special ability; having influential friends; being an important figure
• Nihilistic-Believing that one is dead or dying; believing that one does not exist or that the world does not exist
• Persecutory- Being persecuted by friends, neighbors, or spouse; being followed, monitored, or spied on by the government or other important organizations
• Somatic- Believing that one’s organs have stopped functioning or are rotting away; believing that the nose or another body part is terribly misshapen or disfigured
• Sexual- Believing that one’s sexual behavior is commonly known; that one is a prostitute, pedophile, or rapist; that masturbation has led to illness or insanity
• Religious- Believing that one has sinned against God, that one has a special relationship to God or some other deity, that one has a special religious mission, or that one is the Devil or is condemned to burn in Hell
• Mind reading
• People can hear their thoughts
• Thought insertion
• Thought withdrawal

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18
Q

disorders associated with psychosis and delusions

A
  • Schizotypal personality disorder
  • Delusional Disorder
  • Brief Psychotic Disorder
  • Schizophreniform Disorder
  • Schizophrenia
  • Schizoaffective
  • Catatonic
19
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

Diagnostic criteria and treatment

A

definition: characterized by a pattern of peculiar behavior, odd speech and thinking, and unusual perceptual experiences

features: Schizotypal patients are frequently socially isolated and have “magical” beliefs, mild paranoia, inappropriate or constricted affect, and social anxiety

treatment: Second-generation Antipsychotics- well tolerated and may help reduce the intense anxiety, paranoia, and unusual perceptual experiences

20
Q

Delusional disorder

Diagnostic criteria and treatment:

A

Criteria: one or more delusions lasting at least a month without impaired functioning

treatment: Any antipsychotic can be used: high potency antipsychotics(haloperidol), Second-generation antipsychotics (risperidone), pimozide, SSRI

Group therapy- patients are suspicious and tend to misinterpret situations that can arise during the course of therapy

21
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

Criteria:

treatment:

A

Criteria: used for patients who present with symptoms typical of schizophrenia but have been ill for less than 6 months

treatment: (same as acute schizophrenia): high potency antipsychotics, second-generation antipsychotics, then clozapine.

22
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

criteria:

treatment:

A

Criteria: an uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode concurrent with concurrent symptoms of schizophrenia and delusions/ hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major episode

treatment: Second-generation antipsychotics
Paliperidone
Mood stabilizers

23
Q

what is catatonia

A

A state of abnormal behavior and movement, often including catalepsy (immobility), purposeless motor activity, strange postures, negativism, and mutism.

24
Q

Schizophrenia

Diagnostic criteria

Treatment

Associated conditions

A

Criteria:

2 or more schizophrenic symptoms for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period, with at least 1 being delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech. Also includes a decreased level of functioning since onset and has been contiguous for at least 6 months

Treatment:

Acute: high potency antipsychotics, second-generation antipsychotics, then clozapine.
Benzos if anxiety is prominent
Lithium carbonate and First-line anticonvulsants to decrease impulsive/ aggressive behaviors, hyperactivity or mood swings
Antidepressants if depressive symptoms are prominent
Electroconvulsant therapy
Assertive Community treatment
Family therapy
Cognitive, Vocational and Psychosocial Rehabilitation
Social skills training
Halfway houses

Associated conditions:

Schizotypal personality disorder
Delusional disorder
Schizophreniform disorder
Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective disorder

Catatonia

25
Q

Describe positive and negative symptoms of psychosis

A
26
Q

Define obsession

A

obsessions are recurrent and persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress

27
Q

What are compulsions?

A

. Compulsions are repetitive and intentional behaviors (or mental acts) performed in response to obsessions or according to certain rules that must be applied rigidly

28
Q

clinical presentation of OCD

A

a person must have either obsessions or compulsions that cause marked anxiety or distress, are time-consuming (more than 1 hour daily), or significantly interfere with the person’s normal routine, occupational functioning, or usual social activities and relationships

29
Q

what medications and therapies are considered for OCD treatement

A

Meds (SSRIs, Clomipramine (TCA), Venlafaxine)

Behavior therapy

Psychotherapy

Family Therapy

30
Q

Disorders associated with OCD

A

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Hoarding disorder
• Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder)
Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder

31
Q

characteristics of OCD vs:

  • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
  • generalized anxiety disorder
  • hoarding disorder
  • tic disorder
  • body dysmorphic disorder
  • Trichotillomania
A
32
Q

etiology of trauma/ stress-related disorders

A

• Traumatic event severe enough to be outside the range of normal human experience

33
Q

highest cases of acute stress disorder come from…

A

interpersonal traumatic events (~50%)

MVAs (~13%)

34
Q

Lifetime prevalence of PTSD and what are the top causes by gender

A

9% lifetime prevalence

women: assault
men: combat

35
Q

who are adjustment disorders usually seen in and who tends to develop them?

A

seen most in women, unmarried people and young people (~5-20% undergoing outpatient mental care)

~1/3 cancer patients develop these disorders

36
Q

Treatment of Acute stress disorder

A

Cognitive Behavior therapy

Benzos-reduce agitation and sleep disturbance

37
Q

Treatment of PTSD

A

First-Line: Psychotherapy with or without medication- cognitive behavior therapy

SSRI and SSNRI (when CBT is not available), Prazosin (nightmares), atypical psychotics (psychotic symptoms), Benzos (hyperarousal and anxiety)

38
Q

Conditions associated with trauma and stress-related disorders

A

• Reactive attachment disorder
• Disinhibited social engagement disorder
• Posttraumatic stress disorder
• Acute stress disorder
Adjustment disorders

39
Q

presentation of Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders

A

impaired self control

40
Q

treatment of disruptive, impulsive-control and conduct disorders

A

• Cognitive Behavior Therapy
• Conduct Disorder: CBT and psychostimulants in comorbid ADHD, antipsychotic meds or mood stabilizers in severe aggression
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Psychotherapy
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: psychotherapy, stimulants, antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics to address irritability and mood problems

41
Q

Disorders associated with Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders

A

• Oppositional defiant disorder
• Intermittent explosive disorder
• Conduct disorder
• Antisocial personality disorder
• Pyromania
Kleptomania

42
Q

compare and contrast

conduct disorder

oppositional defiant disorder

disruptive mood disorder

normal development

A
43
Q

compare and contrast differentials for trauma and stress-related disorders

A

Behavior (11 decks)

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