8.3

Question 1

Central Dogma

Answer 1

DNA—->RNA—->Protien

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

Making RNA

Question 3

DNA vs. RNA

Answer 3

DNA-double stranded
RNA-single stranded

Question 4

Parts of a Eukaryotic gene-

Answer 4

Enhancer
Promoter
Exons
Introns

Question 5

Enhancer

Answer 5

additional binding site for transcription factors, acts as a switch, and controls if/how much RNA is made from a gene

Question 6

Promoter

Answer 6

Start site of transcription, most eukaryotic promoters contain a “TATA” box, lastly signals transcription factors and then RNA polymerase attach

Question 7

Exons

Answer 7

sequences that will be present in the mRNA
(Exons EXIT the nucleus)

Question 8

Introns

Answer 8

will be spliced out and removed
(Introns go INTO the trash)

Question 9

Stages of Transcription

Answer 9

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 10

Initiation

Answer 10

Transcription factors bind to promoter/enhancer regions, attract and prepare RNA polymerase to begin copying gene sequence into mRNA

Question 11

Elongation

Answer 11

RNA polymerase breaks free of transcription factors. A protective 5’ cap is added to RNA. As RNA polymerase copies DNA,other proteins are recruited that splice out introns

Question 12

Termination

Answer 12

At the poly adenylation site, the termination sequence is recognized and cut. A polymerase A tail is added to the end of the RNA molecule.
Longer tail= longer the mRNA will be
Cytoplasm=more protien can be made from it

Question 13

Alternative Splicing

Answer 13

Alternative mRNAd produced from same gene
-keep different combinations of exons
-different RNA sequences result in different Protien structures/functions

Question 14

Splicing Process

Answer 14

RNA splicing
-edit out introns
make mature mRNA transcripts
-only happens in eukaryotes