8.3-向量代数 Flashcards

0
Q

M点的矢径或向径是什么?

A

以M点为终点的向量

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1
Q

向量是什么?

A

既有大小又有方向的量

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2
Q

矢量的模是什么?

A

矢量的长度

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3
Q

a,b两向量相等的条件是什么?

A

a,b向量模相等且方向相同

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4
Q

定义负向量/相反的向量?

A

a,b模长相等但方向相反

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5
Q

单位向量是什么?

A

模等于1的向量(不包括方向)

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6
Q

与a向量同方向的向量的写法是?

A

a^0

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7
Q

简述向量求和的平行四边形法则

A

两个向量OA和OB的和是以OA和OB为边的平行四边形的对角线

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8
Q

简述矢量加法的交换律

A

OA+OB=OB+OA

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9
Q

简述矢量求和的三角形法则

A

两个向量与他们的和向量构成一个三角形

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10
Q

简述矢量加法的结合律

A

a +(b+c)=(a+b)+c=a+b+c

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11
Q

N个向量相加构成封闭折线,他们的和是?

A

零向量(三角形法则的应用,向量起点与终点的连线)

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12
Q

平行四边形中,OA-OB=?

A

AB

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13
Q

两个向量的差等于什么的和?

A

被减向量与减向量的反向量之和

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14
Q

Lambda*a的模长是?它的方向是?

A

|Lambda||a|,lambda>0,与a同向;lambda <0,与a反向

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15
Q

两个非零向量a平行于b的充分必要条件是?

A

存在数lambda,使得a=lambda*b

16
Q

简述向量乘法的分配律与结合律

A

分配律 (Lambda+miu)a=lambdaa+miua; lambda(a+b)=lambdaa+lambdab
结合律 lambda(miu
a)=miu(lambdaa)=(lambdamiu)a

17
Q

空间直角坐标系中,基本单位向量是什么?

A

i,j,k

18
Q

向量a的坐标表示式是?

A

a=xi+yj+zk; {x,y,z}

19
Q

以A1为起点,A2为终点的坐标的表示方法?

A

终点坐标减起点坐标之差;若起点为原点,则为终点坐标

20
Q

坐标系中向量的四则运算方法?a={xa,ya,za},b={xb,yb,zb}

A

a+b={xa+xb}i+{yb+xb}j+{za+zb}k

Lambdaa=(lambdaxa)i+(lambdaya)j+(lambdaza)k

21
Q

方向角是什么?

A

向量a与单位向量i,j,k之间的夹角aerfa, beta, gama

22
Q

方向余弦是什么?

A

方向角aerfa, beta,gama的余弦,cosa,cosb,cosy;

23
Q

通过向量坐标计算的方向余弦公式是?三个向量余弦之间的关系是?

A

cosa=x/|a|=x/{x^2+y^2+z^2}^(1/2)
cosb=y/|a|=y/{x^2+y^2+z^2}^(1/2)
cosy=z/|a|=z/{x^2+y^2+z^2}^(1/2)
cosa^2+cosb^2+cosy^2=1

24
Q

{x,y,z}同方向的单位向量是什么?

A

{cosa,cosb,cosy}

25
Q

向量a的方向数是什么?

A

l,m,n与a的余弦cosa,cosb,cosy成比例,l/cosa=m/cosb=n/cosy,l,m,n为a的方向数

26
Q

以系数k来表示方向数与方向余弦的关系?

A
l=kcosa, m=kcosb, n=kcosy;
l^2+m^2+n^2=k^2
k=+_{l^2+m^2+n^2}^(1/2)
cosa=l/k,cosb=m/k,cosy=n/k
向量的坐标就是方向余弦的一组方向数