8.3 - Integration of body systems

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

The basic unit of life

Question 2

Multicellular

Answer 2

Containing more than one cell

Question 3

Tissues

Answer 3

A group of cells working together

Question 4

Organs

Answer 4

A group of tissues working together

Question 5

Organ Systems

Answer 5

A group of organs working together

Question 6

Emergent Properties

Answer 6

Arises from the interaction of components (the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 7

Nervous System

Answer 7

A network of nerves that send electrical messages around the body

Question 8

Endocrine System

Answer 8

A network of glands that secrete chemical messengers into the bloodstream for transport to target tissues and organs

Question 9

Blood Plasma

Answer 9

Liquid component of the blood

Question 10

Cerebral Cortex (Cerebrum)

Answer 10

Is responsible for learning, memory, language and consciousness (LLMC)

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

Is responsible for balance and muscle coordination

Question 12

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 12

(in the brain stem) controls unconscious activities such as breathing and heartbeat

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Controls the endocrine system, including thermoregulation

Question 14

Gland

Answer 14

A group of cells that produces and releases one or more substances

Question 15

Central Nervous System

Answer 15

Brain + spinal cord

Question 16

Brain

Answer 16

Receives information from sense receptors spread throughout the body

Question 17

Spinal Cord

Answer 17

The pathway for communication between the brain and the rest of the body

Question 18

Conscious Processes

Answer 18

refer to mental activities that are under an individual’s conscious control because they are aware of it

Question 19

Unconscious Processes

Answer 19

Refers to mental activities that are not under and individual’s conscious control because they are not aware of it

Question 20

Sensory Neurons

Answer 20

Neurones that transfer impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system (CNS

Question 21

Interneurons

Answer 21

Neurones that transfer impulses between neurones, these are located within the CN

Question 22

Motor Neurons

Answer 22

Neurones that transfer impulses between the CNS and an effector, e.g a muscle or gland

Question 23

Nerves

Answer 23

Bundles of sensory and motor neurones surrounded by an epineurium (a protective sheath

Question 24

Pain Reflex Arc

Answer 24

Is an example of an involuntary response involving sensory neurones, interneurons and motor neurones, excluding the brain

Question 25

Effector

Answer 25

is sent an electrical impulse by a motor neurone which stimulates muscles to contract

Question 26

Circadian Rhythms

Answer 26

The behavioural, mental and physical changes that occur over a 24 hour cycle, responding to daylight and darkness

Question 27

Melatonin

Answer 27

A hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain that responds to darkness, signalling that it's time to sleep

Question 28

Pineal Gland

Answer 28

The part of the brain that secretes melatonin

Question 29

Epinephrine / Adrenaline

Answer 29

The hormone that triggers a fight or flight response

Question 30

Adrenal Glands

Answer 30

release adrenaline, preparing the body for intense physical activity and facilitating intense muscle contraction

Question 31

Baroreceptors

Answer 31

Stretch sensitive receptors that monitor blood pressure

Question 32

Chemoreceptors

Answer 32

Receptors that detect changes in blood chemistry including CO2 and oxygen levels as well as pH

Question 33

pH

Answer 33

When carbon dioxide dissolves into the bloodstream it reacts with the water in the blood plasma to produce carbonic acid which lowers the blood pH

Question 34

Ventilation

Answer 34

Is not respiration. It is the movement of air in and out of the lungs

Question 35

Cardiovascular Control Centre

Answer 35

The part of the hypothalamus which regulates heart beat, heart stroke volume etc

Question 36

Respiratory Control Centre

Answer 36

The part of the hypothalamus that controls the ventilation rate

Question 37

Digestive System

Answer 37

The system that processes food within the body

Question 38

Peristalsis

Answer 38

The involuntary relaxation and contraction of muscles which move contents along the digestive system

Question 39

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 39

Is responsible for the control of bodily functions which are not under conscious control

Question 40

Enteric Nervous System

Answer 40

A branch of the autonomic nervous system which controls the movement of food along the digestive system