8.3 - The brain Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the outer layer of the brain called?
cortex
The cortex is composed of grey matter.
How many cerebral hemispheres is the cortex divided into?
two
Each hemisphere has distinct lobes.
What are the four lobes of each cerebral hemisphere?
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
Each lobe has specific functions.
What is located below the grey matter in the brain?
white matter
White matter is composed of myelinated nerve axons.
What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
corpus callosum
The corpus callosum is made of white matter.
What can be studied to determine the functions of certain brain regions?
consequences of accidental brain damage
This can reveal the roles of different brain areas.
What can brain damage caused by a stroke affect?
- speaking
- understanding speech
- reading
- writing
Stroke can lead to various communication impairments.
What is the potential of neurons to change in structure and function called?
neural plasticity
This allows some patients to recover abilities after a stroke.
What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?
Decision making, reasoning, planning, consciousness of emotions, forming associations, primary motor context
The frontal lobe is crucial for higher cognitive functions and motor control.
Which lobe is responsible for processing auditory information?
Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe also plays a role in memory.
What functions are associated with the parietal lobe?
Orientation, movement, sensation, calculation, some types of recognition
The parietal lobe integrates sensory information from various modalities.
What is the primary role of the occipital lobe?
Visual processing
The occipital lobe contains the visual cortex, which interprets visual stimuli.
Fill in the blank: The _______ lobe is involved in decision making and reasoning.
frontal
The frontal lobe is essential for executive functions.
True or False: The temporal lobe is involved in memory processing.
True
Memory functions are largely associated with the temporal lobe.
What type of information does the parietal lobe process?
Sensation and movement
It helps in spatial awareness and navigation.
Fill in the blank: The _______ lobe is primarily responsible for visual perception.
occipital
Visual stimuli are processed in the occipital lobe.
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
Connects the two hemispheres of the brain
The corpus callosum facilitates communication between the left and right hemispheres.
Which structures does the corpus callosum connect?
Connects lower structures to cerebrum
This includes connections to various subcortical structures.
What is the role of the hippocampus?
Long-term memory pathways and memory retrieval
The hippocampus is crucial for forming and retrieving memories.
What does the basal ganglia control?
Controls movement and motor functions
The basal ganglia are involved in the regulation of voluntary motor movements.
What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
FSH, LH, and oxytocin
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and oxytocin are key hormones in reproduction and other functions.
What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
Balance and movement coordination
The cerebellum is essential for maintaining posture and coordinating voluntary movements.
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
Thermoregulation and appetite control
The hypothalamus helps regulate body temperature and hunger signals.
What hormone does the hypothalamus produce related to water balance?
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
ADH helps regulate water retention in the kidneys.
