8.3 Using genome projects Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is a genome?
The complete set of genes in a cell
The genome contains all the hereditary information of an organism.
What is a proteome?
The full range of proteins that a cell can produce
The proteome is influenced by the genome and environmental factors.
True or False: The proteome is directly determined by the genome.
True
The proteome is coded for by the cell’s DNA, which is part of the genome.
What is genome sequencing and why is it important?
1.Identifying the DNA base sequence of an organism’s genome.
2. So amino acid sequences of proteins that derive from an organism’s genetic code can be determined.
Explain how determining the genome of a pathogens could allow vaccines to be developed
- could identify the pathogen’s proteome
- so could identify potential antigens to use in the vaccine
What is one application of genome sequencing projects?
Identification of genes/alleles associated with genetic diseases/cancers.
New targeted drugs/gene therapy can be developed.
How can genome sequencing aid in patient care?
It allows screening of patients, enabling early prevention and personalized medicine.
What is another application of genome sequencing?
Identification of species and evolutionary relationships.
What are the reasons that the genome cannot be directly translated into the proteome in complex organisms?
- The presence of non-coding DNA, such as introns within genes, which do not code for polypeptides.
- The presence of regulatory genes that regulate the expression of other genes.
What do regulatory genes code for?
Regulatory genes can code for molecules like miRNA that influence gene expression.
How have sequencing methods changed?
They have become automated, making them faster, more cost-effective, and capable of being done on a larger scale.
What is a key feature of modern sequencing methods?
They are continuously updated.
