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Neuro > Oral Cavity And Pharynges > Flashcards

Oral Cavity And Pharynges Flashcards

1
Q

Function of saliva?

A

Fluid that assists in initial activites of digestion
Moistens ingested food turning it into a semisolid bolus
Moistens and cleanses oral cavity
Contains antibodies and lysozyme
Water dissolves food so taste receptors can be stimulated

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2
Q

What are the three salivary glands? In order of production

A

Submandibular (60-70%)
Parotid (25-30%)
Sublingual (3-5%)

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3
Q

What is saliva mostly composed of?

A

Water (99%)

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4
Q

How much saliva do we secrete per day and when?

A

B/w 1-1.5 L

Mostly during meal time

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5
Q

What type of secretion does parotid gland give off?
Submandibular?
Sublingual?

A

Parotid: only serous
Submandibular: Both mucous and serous
Sublingual: Both mucous and serous

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6
Q

Besides water, what else is contained in saliva?

A

Electrolytes, immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, salivary amylase

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7
Q

How is saliva conducted to the oral cavity from the parotid gland

A

Thru the parotid duct

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8
Q

What is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid

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9
Q

What is the parotid gland stimulated by?

A

Inferior salivatory nucleus —> CN 9, lesser petrosal n. —> otic ganglion + auriculotemporal n (V3) —> parotid gland

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10
Q

What runs thru the parotid gland?

A

Facial n.

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11
Q

How is saliva conducted to the oral cavity from the submandibular glands?

A

Duct from gland will open thru papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum

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12
Q

How is saliva conducted to the oral cavity from the sublingual glands?

A

Each gland extends multiple tiny sublingual ducts that open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity posterior to submandibular duct papilla

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13
Q

How are the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands innervated?

A

Superior salivatory nucleus —> CN 7
CN 7 —> chorda tympani

Submandibular ganglion + Lingual N. (V3)

—> sublingual and submandibular glands

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14
Q

What is the oral vestibule?

How does it communicate?

A

Slit like space b/w teeth and gums and lips and cheek

Thru oral fissure

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15
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?
What is the roof?
What does it communicate with?

A

Where mastication and lingual manipulation of food occur

Palate

Oropharynx

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16
Q

What makes up the oral cavity?

A

Oral vestibule

Oral cavity proper

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17
Q

What makes up a tooth?

What kind of joint is it?

A

Exposed crown
Constricted neck
One or more roots anchoring it to jaw, fitting into dental alveoli

Gomphosis joint

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18
Q

What is a gomphosis joint made of?

A

Roots
Dental alveoli
Periodontal L.

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19
Q

How many teeth do infants have? When do they erupt?

A

20 deciduous teeth

Erupt b/w 6-30 months

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20
Q

Which teeth erupt first?

A

Anterior mandibular teeth

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21
Q

Why do third molar only partially emerge?

What can happen because of this?

A

Jaw lacks space to a ccomodate final molars

Wisdom teeth may become impacted and do not properly erupt

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22
Q

Order of teeth from “front teeth” back?

A

Incisors
Canines
Pre molars
Molar

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23
Q

What is the function of the uvula?

A

Assists soft palate in closing off entryway to nasopharynx when swallowing

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24
Q

What is the function of tonsils?

What are they composed of?

A

Detect antigens in swallowed food and drink and initiate immune response if necessary

Aggregates of partially encapsulated lymphatic tissue

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25
Q

How do you anesthetize the:

Nasopalatine N.?

A

Into incisive fossa in hard palate

Affects palatial mucosa, lingual gingival, alveolar bone of six anterior maxillary teeth, hard palate

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26
Q

How do you perform a

Greater palatine block?

A

Anesthetic into greater palatine foramen

N. Emerges b/w 2 and 3 molars

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27
Q

How do you perform an

inferior alveolar n. Block?

A

Anesthetic into mandibular foramen lateral to pterygomandibular raphe

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28
Q

How is the tongue attached to the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Lingual frenulum (a thin vertical mucous membrane)

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29
Q

What covers the superior surface of tongue?

A

Numerous small projections, or papillae

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30
Q

What does the posterior surface contain?

A

Lingual tonsils

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31
Q

What is the anterior portion of the tongue

A

Apex to terminal sulcus

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32
Q

What is the posterior surface of the tongue?

A

From terminal sulcus/foramen cecum to root

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33
Q

What is the formaen cecum?

A

Remnant of the proximal part of embryonic thyroglossal duct

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34
Q

What lingual papillae can we find on the anterior part of tongue?

A

Fungiform
Filiform (does not taste)
Gallate
Foliate

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35
Q

What do we find on the posterior part of the tongue?

A

Palatoglossus
Palatine tonsil
Terminal sulcus

36
Q

What innervates stylopharyngeus?

A

CN 9 (3 pa)

37
Q

Where does the superior constrictor attach?

A

To the buccinator

38
Q

What innervates the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

Vagus N.

39
Q

What is the function of

Extrinsic tongue Ms.
intrinsic tongue Ms?

A

Extrinsic: alter position of tongue
Intrinsic: alter shape of tongue

40
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic tongue Ms and what innervates them?

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
^^ all CN 12

Palatoglossus - CN 10

41
Q

What are the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles?

Functions?

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
—make tongue short thick and retracted

Transverse
Vertical
—-make tongue long and narrow

42
Q

What provides general sensation (touch, temp.) to anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

Lingual N. (CN V3) does mucosa for ant. 2/3 of tongue

43
Q

What does special sensation (taste) for ant. 2/3 of tongue?

A

Chorda tympani (CN 7)

44
Q

What does general sensation for posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal N. (Lingual branch)

45
Q

What does special sensation (taste) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal N. (Lingual branch)

46
Q

What is the blood supply to the tongue?

A

Lingual artery
Dorsal lingual As.
Deep lingual As.
Sublingual As.

47
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the root of the tongue?

A

Drains bilaterally into the

Superior deep cervical lymph nodes (Jugulodigastric to IJV)

48
Q

What is the lymphatic draininage of the medial part of the body of the tongue?

A

Drains bilaterally and directly to the

Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes (jugulo-omohyoid to IJV)

49
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the R and L lateral part of body of tongue?

A

Drains to

Submandibular lymph nodes

(To deep cervical to IJV)

50
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the apex and frenulum of tongue?

A

Submental lymph nodes

To deep cervical to IJV

51
Q

Where and what are the palatine tonsils?

A

“The tonsils” as we classically think of them

Masses of lymphoid tissue

One on each side of the oropharynx

52
Q

What is each tonsil bounded by?

A

Palatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch
Tongue

53
Q

What does each tonsil form?

A

Lateral part of waldeyer’s ring

54
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the tonsils?

A

Jugulodigastric (superior deep cervical l.n. To IJV)

55
Q

What is the blood supply of the tonsils?

A

Facial a. (Tonsillar branch)

Asc. Palatine a. (Tonsillar branch)

56
Q

What are the tonsils innervated by?

A

Glossopharyngeal n.

Maxillar n.

57
Q

What is tonsillitis?
Caused by?
Presents as?

A

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils
Usually caused by viral infection

Difficult or painful swallowing w/ red and swollen tonsils w/ evident of purulent exudate

58
Q

What is a tonsillectomy?

What is a common complication?

What is vulnerable to injury?

A

Removal of tonsils and urorunding conenctive tissue done by dissective the palatine tonsil from the tonsillar sinus

Bleeding common bc of rich blood supply

CN 9 vulnerable bc it accomplices Tonsillar a.

(ICA also vulnerable bc it is directly lateral to the tonsils0

59
Q

What is Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

Lymphatic ring composed of palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils

Drains to deep cervical lymph nodes (to IJV)

60
Q

What closes off the opening of the nasopharynx when swallowing?

A

Soft palate

Uvula

61
Q

What are fauces?

What are they bounded by?

A

Opening for oropharynx

By paired muscular folds and superiorly by soft palate
Palatoglossus arch
Palatopharyngeal arch

62
Q

What is the innervation of the palate?

A

Nasopalatine n. (Mucous membr. Of anger. Part of hard palate)
Greater palatine n. (Hard palate)
Lesser palatine N. (Soft palate)

Also V2 giving sensory

63
Q

What is the blood supply to the palate?

A

Greater palatine a. (Chief blood supply) (hard palate)

Lesser palatine a. (Anastomoses with ascending palatine a.)

64
Q

What does Asc. Palatine a. Anastomoses with?

A

Lesser palatine a.

65
Q

What are the veins of the palate?

A

Tributaries of the pterygoid venous plexus

66
Q

What is the O and I of the Tensor Veli Palatini M.?

A

O: spine of sphenoid bone/pharyngotympanic tube

I: palatine aponeurosis

67
Q

What is the O and I of the Levator Veli Palatini?

A

O: Petrous part of temporal bone/ pharyngotympanic tube

I: palatine aponeurosis

68
Q

What is the O and I of Palatoglossus M.?

A

O: palatine aponeurosis

I: Side of tongue

69
Q

What is the O and I of the palatopharyngeal m.?

A

O: hard palate/palatine aponeurosis

I: lateral wall of pharynx

70
Q

Innervation of Tensor Veli Palatini?

A

CN V3

Medial pterygoid n.

71
Q

Innervation of Levator Veli Palatini?

A

CN 10

Pharyngeal branch

72
Q

Innervation of Palatoglossus M.?

A

CN 10

Pharyngeal branch

73
Q

Innervation of Palatopharyngeus m.?

A

CN 10

Pharyngeal branch

74
Q

Action of:

Tensor veli palatini?

A

Tenses soft palate

Opens Pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning

75
Q

Action of:

Levator Veli Palatini

A

Elevates soft palate during swallowing

76
Q

action of:

Palatoglossus M.?

A

Elevator posterior tongue and draws soft palate onto tongue

77
Q

Action of:

Palatopharyngeus M.?

A

Tenses soft palate

Pulls pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing

78
Q

What innervates the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

CN 10

79
Q

What innervates stylopharyngeus ?

A

CN 9

80
Q

What depressurizing the middle ear?

A

Tensor Veli Palatini

81
Q

What would be the result of paralysis of tensor and levator veli palatini Ms.?

A

Paralysis leads to reflux of oral contents into nasal cavity

(Pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction)

Tensor - V3
Levator - X

82
Q

What muscles raise the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Mylohyoid (n. To mylohyoid - V3)

Palatoglossus M. (CN 10)

Ms. Of tongue

83
Q

Gag reflex in the upper portion of the mouth is induced by what nerve?

A

CN 9

84
Q

Gag reflex int he lower part of the mouth is induced by?

A

CN 10

85
Q

What are the steps to swallowing?

A

Step 1: voluntary;
bolus compressed against palate, pushed form mouth into oropharynx via Ms. of tongue and soft palate

step 2: involuntary;
Soft palate is elevates sealing off nasopharynx from oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Pharynx widens and shorten and suprahyoid Ms. contract, longitudinal pharyngeal Ms. elevate larynx

Step 3: involuntary;
Sequential contraction of all 3 pharyngeal constrictor Ms. forcing food bolus back

86
Q

What innervates the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx?

A

Naso: V2

Oro: CN 9

Laryngopharynx: CN 10

(Accounts for differences in gag reflex)

Neuro (18 decks)

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