Set 3

Question 1

What is avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

Answer 1

• fracture of the femoral neck

- disrupt blood supply to femoral head: disrupt medial circumflex femoralartery)

Question 2

What structures is the lateral collateral ligament between?

Answer 2

between lateral epicondyle of femur and head of fibula

Question 3

What is the function of the lateral collateral ligament?

Answer 3

Limits extension and adduction of leg at knee

Question 4

What does the patellar reflex test?

Answer 4

• spinal nerves L2-L4 (femoral nerve)

Question 5

An ankle sprain is almost always what type of injury?

Answer 5

-inversion injury
-involves twisting of the weight-bearing plantarflexed
foot.
-lateral ligament (anterior talofibular ligament) is
injured because it is much weaker than the medial
ligament

Question 6

What is the landmark of the gluteal region?

Answer 6

-the piriformis muscle

Question 7

What is the action of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 7

suppination of the hip joint

Question 8

What would inflammation of the piriformis muscle cause?

Answer 8

pain similar to sciatica

Question 9

what are the symptoms of sciatic nerve injury?

Answer 9

• Weakened hip extension and knee flexion

- Footdrop (lack of dorsiflexion)

Question 10

Superior gluteal nerve injury results in the paralysis of which muscles?

Answer 10

Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus

Question 11

What does paralysis of the gluteus medius and minimus result in?

Answer 11

Lose ability to pull the pelvis up and abduction of the thigh

Question 12

If the left superior gluteal nerve is injured, which side of the pelvis falls down?

Answer 12

• right pelvis falls downward

- side contralateral to the nerve injury that is affected

Question 13

What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

Answer 13

-gluteus maximus

Question 14

What is the consequence of inferior gluteal nerve injury?

Answer 14

• Weakened hip extension (gluteus maximus)

- climbing stairs or standing from a seated position

Question 15

What are the hamstring muscles?

Answer 15

1. Biceps femoris
2. Semitendinosus
3. Semimembranosus

Question 16

Where do the hamstring muscles attach?

Answer 16

ischial tuberosity

Question 17

Where do avulsion fractures of the hip bone and hamstrings muscles occur?

Answer 17

ischial tuberosity

Question 18

What is the action of the hamstring muscles?

Answer 18

extension of hip joint and flexion of knee joint

Question 19

What is the innervation of the hamstring muscles?

Answer 19

Tibial nerve (short head of biceps femoris is supplied
by the common fibular nerve)