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ENDOREPRO II Exam I > [CLMD] The normal and abnormal breast [Wootton] > Flashcards

[CLMD] The normal and abnormal breast [Wootton] Flashcards

1
Q

Normal anatomy of the breast

The breast is considered a modified ________gland

A

The breast is considered a modified SEBACEOUS gland

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2
Q

Most breast cancers occur where?

A

Upper outer qudrants

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3
Q

Which are the most common routes for metastasis of breast cancer?

A

Ipsilateral lymph node

Internal mammary nodes

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4
Q

GENERALLY what is a big worry that we have about breast cancer?

A

There is a HIGH concentration of lymph nodes that surround the breast. This makes it easy for one cancerous cell to spread quickly

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5
Q

What are 4 examples of congenital anomalies of the breast?

A
  • Absence of the breast
  • Accessory breast tissue along the milk line
  • Extra nipples (polythelia)
  • Accessory breast (polymastia)
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6
Q

What is the milk line?

A
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7
Q

2 most common breast complaints?

A

Breast pain

Mass

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8
Q

What are notable risk factors for breast cancer?

A
  • Age
  • Personal hx of breast cancer or atypical hyperplasia
  • High breast tissue density
  • First degree relatives w/ breast cancer or ovarian cancer
  • Early menarche
  • Late cessation of menses
  • No term pregnancies
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9
Q

What is included in the physical exam of the breasts?

A

Evaluate both breasts

Complete exam including axilla and chest wall

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10
Q

What are diagnostic breast exams to perform?

A

Mammogram

Ultrasound

MRI

Fine needle aspiration

Core biopsy

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11
Q

Palpable masses almost always get a _______

A

Palpable masses almost always get a BIOPSY

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12
Q

What age is best suited for mammograms?

A

Women over 40

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13
Q

Ultrasonography is ideal as an imaging study in breast tissue for women aged…

A

YOUNGER than 40

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14
Q

When would you order an MRI for your patient?

A

Diagnostic in SUSPICIOUS MASSES

Too expensive to use as a screening method.

Use for women at high risk for breast cancer, like BRCA carriers

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15
Q

What is fine needle aspiration biopsy useful for?

A

Determining solid versus cystic masses

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16
Q

Describe what happens for follow up with fine needle aspiration with

Clear fluid

Bloody fluid

A

Clear fluid = needs no further evaluation

Bloody fluid = sent for cytology and patient needs diagnostic mammogram/US

17
Q

What is a core needle biopsy used for?

A

LARGE NEEDLE

Used to get tissue from larger solid masses for diagnosis

18
Q

What is the word for breast pain?

A

Mastalgia

19
Q

What is the difference between cyclic and noncyclic MASTALGIA?

A

Cyclic mastalgia = coordinated w/ menstrual cycle

Noncyclic mastalgia = NOT associated with menstrual cycle

20
Q

What is extramammary mastalgia?

A

Breast pain that derives from…

Chest wall trauma

Shingles

Fibromyalgia

21
Q

What is the only FDA approved treatment for mastalgia?

A

Danazol

22
Q

Why isn’t danazol prescribed much?

A

Unpleasant side effects:

Menstrual irregularities, benign intracranial hypertension, alters blood sugar, deepens voice, unusual hair growth, weight gain

23
Q

Nipple discharge could indicate three things. What are they?

A
  1. Benign
  2. Endocrine disorder
  3. Cancer
24
Q

___________ is considered cancer until proven otherwise

A

BLOODY NIPPLE DISCHARGE is considered cancer until proven otherwise

25
Q

What are the signs for concern regarding breast masses?

A

Greater than 2cm in size

Immobility

Poorly defined margins

Firmness

Skim dimpling

Bloody nipple discharge

Ipsilateral lymphadenopathy

26
Q

Fibroadenoma

Benign or metastatic?

A

Benign

27
Q

Fibroadenomas

Frequency?

Age group?

A

Most common benign tumor in female breast

Late teens, early 20s

28
Q

Fibroadenomas

Describe the mass:

Size:

A

Solid, rubbery, mobile and solitary

2-4cm in size, can reach up to 15cm in diameter

29
Q

What is a galactocele?

A

Cystic dilation of duct filled w/ mikly fluid

30
Q

Papillomas

What type of growth?

Age?

Can cause?

A

Intraductal growths

30-50yrs

Serous/serosanguinous discharge

31
Q

What is

LCIS?

A

Lobular carcinoma in situ

–> risk factor for developing breast cancer

32
Q

What is

DCIS?

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Ducts are filled with atypical epithelial cells and woman are increased risk for developing invasive disease or reoccurrence of DCIS

33
Q

How are LCIS and DCIS treated?

A

Excision

then follow up with SERMs

34
Q

What are the two genes that are high risk factors for developing breast cancer?

A

BRCA1

BRCA2

35
Q

What is the model is used to evaluate cancer risk?

A

Gail Model

36
Q

70-80% of all breast cancers are _______

A

70-80% of all breast cancers are ductal

37
Q

What is the oncogene that gives a worse prognosis for breast cancer?

A

HER2/NEU

38
Q
A

ENDOREPRO II Exam I (26 decks)

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