chapter 8

Question 1

define bulimia nervosa

Answer 1

eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive (binge) eating followed by compensatory actions to remove the food (ex: deliberate vomiting, laxative abuse, excessive exercise)

Question 2

define binges

Answer 2

relatively brief episodes of uncontrolled, excessive consumption, usually of food or alcohol

Question 3

what is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 3

eating disorder characterized by recurrent food refusal leading to dangerously low body weight.

Question 4

A growing number of studies in different countries indicate that eating disorders are widespread and that they increased dramatically in _____ countries from about 19__ to 19__

Answer 4

Western

1960 to 1995

Question 5

The chief characteristic of ____ disorders is an overwhelming, all-encompassing drive to be ____.

Answer 5

eating disorders

thin

Question 6

up to ___ percent of people with anorexia over an extended time die as a result of their disorder, with slightly more than ___ percent dying within ___ years

Answer 6

20
5
10

Question 7

______ nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder reviewed in this book, including depression

Answer 7

anorexia

Question 8

_____ attempts are very common in eating disorders, occuring in from ___ to ___ percent of patients at least once during their lifetime

Answer 8

suicide

30 to 40

Question 9

until recently, eating disorders, particularly _____ were not found in ______ countries

however, this has changes and now evidence suggests that eating disorders are ____

Answer 9

bullimia
developing

global

Question 10

______ nervosa is on of the most common psychological disorders on university campuses

Answer 10

bullimia

Question 11

In bulimia nervosa, the _____ of food eaten is the fact that the eating is experiences as __ ___ _____

Answer 11

amount

out of control

Question 12

what are purging techniques?

Answer 12

In the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, the self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse used to compensate for excessive food ingestion

Question 13

laxatives vs diuretics

Answer 13

laxatives: drugs that relieve constipation
diuretic: drugs that result in loss of fluids through greatly increased frequency of urination

Question 14

___ percent of a group of patients with anorexia nervosa exercised excessively, compared with ___ percent of a group of patients with bulimia nervosa.

Answer 14

81

57

Question 15

what is electrocyte imbalance?

Answer 15

continued vomiting upsets the chemical balance of bodily fluids, including sodium and potassium levels

Question 16

what medical consequences come with bulimia?

Answer 16

• enlarged salivary glands (chubby face)
• erosion of dental enamel on inner surface of the front of the teeth
• electrocyte imbalance, leading to cardiac arrhythmia (disrupted heartbeat) and renal (kidney) failure
• intestinal problems from laxatives
• marked calluses on fingers

Question 17

both anorexia and bulimia are characterized by a _____________… The major difference seems to be whether the individual is___________…

Answer 17

• a morbid fear of gaining weight and losing control over their eating
• successful at losing weight

Question 18

______ nervosa is more common than ______ nervosa, but they have a great deal of overlap.

Answer 18

Bulimia

Anorexia

Question 19

what is rapid eye movement?

Answer 19

Periodic intervals of sleep during which eyes move rapidly from side to side, and dreams occur but the body is inactive

Question 20

define dysomnias

Answer 20

problems in getting to sleep or in obtaining sufficient quality sleep

Question 21

define parasomnias

Answer 21

abnormal behaviours such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep

Question 22

define polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation

Answer 22

assessment of sleep disorders in which a client sleeping in the lab is monitored for heart, muscle, respiration brain wave, and other functions

Question 23

define sleep efficiency (SE)

Answer 23

percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total spent in bed

Question 24

what are microsleeps?

Answer 24

short, seconds-long periods of sleep that occur in people who have been deprived of sleep

Question 25

what is insomnia disorder?

Answer 25

a condition in which insufficient sleep interferes with normal functioning

Question 26

define rebound insomnia

Answer 26

in a person with insomnia, the worsened sleep problems that can occur when medications are used to treat insomnia and then withdrawn

Question 27

what are hypersomnolence disorders?

Answer 27

sleep dysfunction involving an excessive amount of sleep that disrupts normal routines

Question 28

what is sleep apnea?

Answer 28

disorder involving brief periods when breathing ceases during sleep

Question 29

define narcolepsy

Answer 29

sleep disorder involving sudden and irresistible sleep attacks

Question 30

what are breathing-related sleep disorders?s

Answer 30

sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, caused by a breathing problem such as interrupted (apnea) or laboured (hypoventilation) breathing.

Question 31

define circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder

Answer 31

sleep disturbances resulting in sleepiness or insomnia caused by the body’s inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current pattern of day and night

Question 32

what are nightmares?

Answer 32

frightening and anxiety-provoking dreams occurring during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The individual recalls the bad dreams and recovers alertness and orientation quickly

Question 33

what are sleep terrors?

Answer 33

episodes of apparent awakening from sleep, accompanied by signs of panic, followed by disorientation and amnesia for the incident. These occur during NREM sleep and so do not involve frightening dreams.

Question 34

what is sleepwalking?

Answer 34

A parasomnia that involves leaving the bed during NREM - deep, non-dreaming - sleep