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Self Regulation > Desires > Flashcards

Desires Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Desire?

A

A motivated state towards something of pleasure

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2
Q

Understanding and controlling desires is more effective than controlling ________

A

Willpower

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3
Q

Having a strong desire will affect the ______ needed

A

Willpower

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4
Q

Outline Hoffman et al’s study (beeped)

A

205 participants answered a baseline questionnaire, were beeped 7x a day for 1 week and asked if they were currently experiencing a desire and then some questions about that desire

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5
Q

What did Hoffman find that people were worst at?

A

They were worst at resisting media use, even though they were good overall at resisting other things

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6
Q

In Hoffmans study, what % of people did give in, even when trying to resist?

A

42%

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7
Q

S____ and L______ were most conflicted with desire and goals

A

Sleep and Leisure

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8
Q

Stronger desires were ____ difficult to control and resist

A

More

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9
Q

Weak desires were __% successful at resisting

A

90%

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10
Q

Alcohol increased the probability of behaviour enactment, even when people are trying to _____ that desire

A

Resist

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11
Q

Alcohol predicts ______ desire strength

A

Increased

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12
Q

______ are stronger after alcohol, even if that person doesn’t have poor willpower

A

Impulses

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13
Q

An example of having stronger impulses after alcohol use?

A

Vegetarian craving meat when drunk

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14
Q

What does alcohol predicting increased desire strength help us to understand?

A

Why alcohol impairs self-control as a result, because people find it harder to resist these stronger desires, so therefore have diminished self control

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15
Q

Different people have different desires, and ______ them differently

A

Experience

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16
Q

Strength of desires varies across what 3 things?

A

1) Type of desire
2) Individual
3) Situation

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17
Q

When does a desire turn into a temptation?

A

When it conflicts with your goal

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18
Q

An example of a desire turning into a temptation?

A

Goal to lose weight, a desire to eat bacon or MacDonald’s would be a temptation

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19
Q

When a desire does not turn into a temptation, its not an issue, provide an example of this?

A

If you didn’t have a goal to avoid cookies, there is no conflict in having them

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20
Q

Desire strength ______ _______ Behaviour enactment, but it did not predict _____ or ______

A

Positively predicts, Conflict or Resistance

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21
Q

Desire strength did affect the resistance to behaviour relationship, why is this?

A

Because conflict triggers resistance, which negatively predicts behaviour enactment

22
Q

Fishback and Myseth’s Two-Staged model, said that people fail at self-control due to 2 reasons, what are they?

A

1) They don’t resist temptation

2) They don’t identify a desire as a temptation

23
Q

Why is failing to identify a desire as a temptation a bad thing? i.e. not identifying that going on your phone conflicts with getting uni work done

A

Because whether or not we recognise a desire as a temptation determines whether willpower is recruited or not

24
Q

Conflict is _______ for control

A

Necessary

25
Q

Name 3 ways that desires can be regulated?

A

1) Increase conflict, to motivate yourself more
2) Increase resilience
3) Decrease desire strength

26
Q

What are the 2 main strategies to cope with desires?

A

1) Interventive strategies = coping after you’ve experienced it, down-regulating the desire
2) Preventive strategies = preventing it prior by inhibiting the desired behaviour

27
Q

How did the Marshmallow test use interventive strategies?

A

Children were asked to image that the marshmallow was fake, focus on how it looks rather than tastes, and to distract themselves

28
Q

How is showing lung cancer pictures on fag packets an interventive strategy?

A

Because it tries to affect the desire by attempting to decrease it

29
Q

What did Van Ditten et al find about the effect of cognitive load on likelihood of wanting an unhealthy snack, and the strength of the desire?

A

Cognitive load reduced the likelihood of wanting an unhealthy snack, and the desire strength for the unhealthy snack decreased, especially for those scoring highly on the sensitivity measure to food

30
Q

What did Hamilton find about the meditation group and their cravings?

A

They did not experience a crave increase, but controls did

31
Q

Therefore, after Vans study on distraction, and Hamiltons study on mindfulness, we can make what 2 conclusions?

A

That a) distracting yourself from the desire and b) being mindful of the desire both work

32
Q

Name the 4 preventive strategies (P, R, P-C, C)

A

1) Preventing the desire e.g. hiding the crisps
2) Reminder of conflict e.g. post-it note on crisp cupboard reminding you of your goal
3) Pre-commitment e.g. telling people you are giving up crisps, or buying a ticket in advance to avoid dropping out as you’ve already paid for it
4) Constraint opportunities e.g. only taking enough money to the pub for a drink, not crisps as well

33
Q

Despite having good control being unrelated to the number of desires you have, it did predict what?

A

1) Lower desire strength
2) Less conflict
3) Less resistance

34
Q

Why do people who are better at self-control, have fewer problematic desires?

A

Because they experience less temptation, and control their desires without using willpower

35
Q

Why do people who are better at self-control, have fewer problematic desires?

A

Because they experience less temptation, and control their desires, not by using more willpower

36
Q

The probability that a user clicked on a notification within 5 minutes was ___%?

A

83%

37
Q

People responded just as _____ when their phone was on _____

A

Quickly, silent

38
Q

State three reasons why the “doom and gloom” of smartphones is overstated?

A

1) Most data is correlational
2) More of a symptom rather than a cause of mental health problems
3) Only explains 0.4 of the variance in wellbeing

39
Q

Negative effects of regularly eating potatoes on wellbeing was nearly as _____ as the effect on technology

A

Large

40
Q

Bullying was ___ times more as large of a negative effect than technology

A

Six

41
Q

Name 3 negative effects of smartphone usage?

A

1) Diminishes our memory for experiences, as we are relying on videos instead
2) Using phones during meals diminishes enjoyment of spending time with others and impairs ability to make social connections
3) Parents feel more distracted and have less social connection with their children

42
Q

Purely the _____ of a phone reduces cognitive performance

A

Presence

43
Q

Receiving notifications (_____ _____ _____ _____) significantly ______ performance on a demanding task

A

Even without viewing them, disrupted

44
Q

People low in self-control are more likely to respond to notifications _______, creates a harsh cycle

A

Immediately

45
Q

Social media engagement linked with _____ delay discounting

A

Poorer

46
Q

How much more likely are you to be involved in an accident if you text while driving?

A

20-30%

47
Q

More dangerous than _____ driving

A

Drink

48
Q

Using your phone whilst driving is less about attitudes and norms, and more about a ___-____ problem

A

Self-Control

49
Q

Trying to understand and control our desires is probably a more effective way of self-regulating than relying on ______

A

Willpower

50
Q

From Hoffman et al key reading, results said that desires were _____, variable in _____ and largely ________

A

Frequent, intensity, unproblematic

51
Q

In this reading, personality was found to have stronger influence on dimensions of desire that emerged early in its course e.g. desire strength and conflict, whereas situational factors showed relatively more influence on components later in the process e.g. ____-_____ and ______

A

Behaviour enactment, Resistance

Self Regulation (8 decks)

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